Sugar mama Review Essay Example

Sugar mama Review Paper Essay on Sugar mama For a long time, neither of which he could not say good things about Russian literature. Already ten years our absolutely nothing to show the world, even Limonov and Pelevin stopped writing at least that is more or less decent. And all because of a very terrible secondary of each new book. There is always the feeling that somewhere youve already read it all But not this time, the book is really worthy of translation into other languages. The action takes place in Havana, at the radio station, and then at the dacha outside Moscow. And constantly compares national mentalities. The book tells about the Russians inability to truly love and be truly happy, or about how Havana prostitutes ( rider) and local sorcerers are full-fledged members of the Cuban society. About how an art dealer and a school teacher can easily be also a pimp. Havana last place in the world where prostitutes are making love, not sex. And the protagonist of course the Marlboro Man, who has the biggest dick in the w orld, and with the help of his dignity, he decided no one dozen global political problems, having trained in parallel Carnegie art of communication. But Marlborough uchuvstvuet no visible effect, it hides behind the lines of the book in the dialogues of heroes, who love to mention it in various parables, with a hint of Zen Buddhism. Marlboro Man, that something in the nature of the new saint for our world, that he must save. He teaches us to listen to your inner voice and be in harmony with yourself.  «One day, when the Marlboro Man sold his calves, he was approached by Henry Ford, who worry the question of what should be the best in the American car. How much gobies, son? said Ford in Marlborough -. Tell this idiot that you have the largest penis prompted the internal voice We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar mama Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar mama Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sugar mama Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer -. I have the biggest penis in Texas said Marlborough Ford . So, Henry Ford made American cars the worlds largest  » and the moral is, if you have at least one advantage, that it is necessary to use it and then you will find your place in the world. and of course we can not forget about Hemingway, what a Havana without him. The entire novel imbued with the spirit of his books. The local bars are still lying branches of mint for mahito waiting for his return. The story comes from different persons, from bitchy Muscovite finishing angels destiny. This helps to more fully understand what is happening the action. In general, I advise everyone to this book. I do not think that in the near future in Russia will be more stories of this level.

How did Kodak change its strategy to respond to the opportunities and threats in the photographic imaging market

How did Kodak change its strategy to respond to the opportunities and threats in the photographic imaging market 3. - How did Kodak change its strategy to respond to the opportunities and threats in the photographic imaging market?In the beginning the strategy followed by Kodak due to a new and a big market of the recording imaging in paper "the photography" was: mass production to lower production costs; maintaining the lead in technological development; extensive product advertising; and the development of a multinational business to exploit the world market.Along many years the company operated in monopoly, with a lot of investment to growth and to consolidate the position, but the high cost, a inflexible structure made it to adapt to a low cost policy and new products such as the simple to use 35mm camera or the instant photography, photographic laboratories and new products to recording images.Despite of the more aggressive environment the chief executive Colby Chandler changed the strategy of Kodak in order to increase the competitiveness and to take some opportunities of the market.Colby Chandler (All My Children)The company focused in 4 operating groups: imaging, information systems, health and chemical.In the imaging group the idea was to cover some necessities in the photographic market, create new and better products, and improve its position in the film processing market.So, the company had to reduce costs again and bought some companies (Texas-Based, Fox Photo Inc.) and formed ventures to create products with the name of Kodak (i.e. Matsushita or Chinon). Also it was needed to increase the amount in publicity to compete with other brands such as Fuji.The strategies of Kodak in the other operating groups were basically to acquire companies in order to diversificate the business. That was possible because Kodak has been the leader in the photography market for many years, this capability made that was able to pay s in 1985 for...

Outline and critically discuss what you see as the main examples of Essay

Outline and critically discuss what you see as the main examples of attempts to control crime using 'environmental controls - Essay Example Furthermore, the designs are meant for long term controls rather than employing more security guards or personnel in certain areas (Brewer, 2001). The designs are also likely to reduce the conflict or danger between the criminals and the judicial system among other benefits. Natural surveillance is the process of using modern cameras and technology to capture major incidences in certain areas for future reference and to pose threat to the criminals. Formal surveillance is the process through which the government or relevant authority installs watching mechanisms to record any criminal or suspicious acts in the community. The process could also mean ensuring sufficient space and light so that every activity in various places can be monitored without strain (Burke, 2004). This would increase chances to noting fishy activities and taking the appropriate actions. Natural surveillance may also limit the criminals from escaping the crime scenes and this would discourage them from making an y criminal attempts. This strategy could be implemented in various ways and this includes having landscape designs with well lit entries, having transparent walls in entry corridors to enhance noting anybody entering or leaving certain premise. The lighting designs should ensure good distribution of lighting devices and limit blind spots that may favor easy escape of criminals. There should be sufficient lightening in strategic areas like the ATMs, bus stations, children’s playgrounds, parking sites, recreational zones and major and minor pathways among others, and this should be placed in appropriate heights to capture everybody’s face and movements. Pedestrian tacks should be alongside the motor vehicle tracks to create more surveillance. Bright lights should be avoided in such strategic areas as it may cause blindness and favor criminal activities. It is important to consider the best light intensity in accordance to normal human sights. Curved streets have been use d in major developed nations to ease viewing of majority of residential entrances and reduce traffic speeds in case a certain criminal has been spotted. Natural surveillance may also involve installing mechanical monitoring devices like closed circuit television (CCTV) and cameras to capture the major movements or images in certain strategic places. The cameras are strategically placed at the entrances to record the entry or existence of every individual in such places. Some CCTVS and cameras are connected to alarming systems and this raises awareness in instances fishy or awkward activities are suspected. CCTVs are made with high resolution to capture both close and far objects, for future analysis. Informal surveillance on the other hand involves the community taking its own initiative to protect itself from criminal acts. Neighborhood watch schemes are popular in various regions of the United States and Europe, among other places. The community members are encouraged by homeland security to remain vigilant and report any suspicious individuals in the community. This has helped reduce domestic assaults, rape, negligence and bestiality among other crimes. Controlling access points is another environmental strategy to

Reporting Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reporting Results - Essay Example They represent loans received. The security holder is entitled to repayment of principal and receiving of interest payments. Equity securities reflect ownership of interest and trading securities get a fair value report (Finkler, 2010). For the available for sale securities, they are reported at fair value. Their income excludes the unrealized losses and gains. They are reported as separate equity part that has no effect on the year’s net income. On the hand, not-for-profit health care organizations have all debts and equity reported at fair value (Finkler, 2010). A change in the net assets includes losses and gains. These gains and losses are reflected in the unrestricted net assets unless a donor or law prohibits it. An important feature is that all debt securities are depicted at fair value inclusive of those considered held to maturity by the former group. In this category, focus is not on net income; however, importance is vested on the total available resources. This makes the inclusion of gains or losses in the net income to be

Business ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business ethics - Assignment Example Minority groups and women have had to deal with issues of ethical dilemma in work places, and Karen is no exception. There are three eligible managers for promotion, namely: Carmen, Ralph and Yingzi. Making a decision as to whom the position should go to is quite complex. This is due to the fact that each of the three seems best suited to the position. A critical analysis is therefore necessary to solve Karen’s problem. There are three eligible managers for the promotion. Each of the three persons has had a contribution to the company. A number of factors have to be considered in order to assess and evaluate the manager who is best suited to the promotion. In order to do so, all the three candidates have to be critically evaluated in the light of their suitability to the job. Each of the three will be considered individually. Carmen is an African American female aged 34 years. She is divorced and a mother of one; Heather. She is from time to time caught up in family crisis because her daughter has had medical problems. Minority groups and women have had issues in their places of work, thereby facing significant problems that related to their duties and responsibilities at their work place. From the case, it is evident that African Americans have hardly worked here. This is evidenced by the fact that promoting Carmen would be historical in the company since she would be the very first African American to reach such a position in the company. In considering her academics, qualifications and work experience, Carmen studied at Northwest State College. Her performance was average since she graduated in the lower half of her class. She has worked for the company for a period of four years. On the same note, she has been in this industry for not less than eight years now. In the work place, Carmen is considered a mediocre performer, and so are her ratings in the company. However, her energy level at work is promising, although she has

Patients With Post Stroke Dysphagia Health And Social Care Essay

Patients With Post Stroke Dysphagia Health And Social Care Essay This chapter deals with discussion, summary and conclusions drawn. It clarifies the limitations of the study, the implications and recommendations given for different areas in Nursing practice, Education, administration and research. DISCUSSION The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14. The researcher carried out the study among 30 patients and adopted pre-experimental research design with single group pre test post test design. The researcher used non probability purposive sampling technique to select the 30 subjects. The researcher conducted this study to assess the effectiveness of Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. DEMOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS The demographic variables included in the study were Age, Sex, Education and Habits. The mean Age of the subjects was 60. Half of the subjects were in the Age group 50-70 years. Almost equal numbers of subjects were in the 30-50 and above 70 years Age groups and it was about 23 and 27 percent respectively. Regarding the Sex, nearly equal numbers of subjects were in the male and female Sex group and it showed 53 and 47 percent respectively. On the basis of their Educational Status, 67 percent of the subjects were studied up to secondary Education. About 33.33 percent of the subjects completed any one of the graduate degree course. In accordance with their Personal Habits, 53.33 percent had no bad Habits like Smoking and Alcoholism. Ten percent of subjects had the habit of Tobacco use. Seven percent of subjects were consuming Alcohol. Thirty percent of the subjects had the habit of both Tobacco and Alcohol consumption. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION OF SUBJECTS The clinical variables include Type of Stroke and Co-morbid Illness. In consistent with the Type of Stroke, 10 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to the problem in anterior circulation, 40 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to problem in middle circulation and 50 percent of the subjects had Stroke due to problem in the posterior circulation. With reference to the Co-morbid Illness, 13.33 percent of the subjects had No Co-morbid Illness. About 10 and 40 percent of the subjects had the complaints of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension respectively. Remaining 36.67 percent of the subjects had both Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. The major findings of the study were discussed according to the objectives: The first objective was to assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. In the pre test assessment of the Swallowing Performance using GUSS Score indicates 23.33% of the subjects had Mild Dysphagia, 40% of the subjects had Moderate Dysphagia and 36.67% of the subjects had Severe Dysphagia. The post-test assessment of Swallowing Performance explains that 16.67% of the subjects were improved to the No Dysphagia stage with good Swallowing and Feeding Performance. About 26.67% of the subjects had Mild Dysphagia and 23.33% of the subjects had Moderate Dysphagia. Remaining 33.33% of the subjects had severe Dysphagia with various improvements in the Swallowing Performance. The pre test and post test Feeding Performance Score using FOIS describes equal number of subjects in the Tube Dependent (36.67%) and Total Oral Intake category (63.33%). Despite the result revealed an equal number of subjects in the pre and post test assessment, the subjects had an improvement in the Feeding Performance during the post test assessment from no oral intake level to tube supplement with consistent oral intake level in the Tube Dependent category. Likewise, subjects showed an improvement from the intake of single consistency to the total intake with no restriction in the Total Oral Intake category. The present study was supported by Trapl et al., who conducted study in 2002 and described that out of 30 patients, 30 to 50% had Severe Dysphagia and showed significantly higher risk of aspiration with liquids compared with semisolid textures (p=0.001). Therefore they confirmed the subsequent sequence of GUSS. The second objective was to determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. With reference to the Swallowing Performance based on the GUSS Score, the mean pre-test SwallowingS among subjects was 12.50 and the mean post-test Swallowing Score was 13.87 based on the GUSS tool. Paired t test was used to compute the mean difference. The t value for this mean difference between pre and post test Swallowing Score was 6.150. The t value obtained at .001 level of significance and at 29 degrees of freedom. Hence there is a significant difference exist between the mean pre and post test Swallowing Scores. It further implies that the Swallowing Score in the post test was higher than the pre test Swallowing Score. This improvement was due to the Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises and Positioning while Swallowing. So the Swallowing Exercises such as Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver found to be effective in improving the Swallowing Performance in Stroke patients. The final result concluded that 22 subjects (73.3%) expressed improvement after the treatment. Remaining 8 subjects (26.7%) had no changes in their Swallowing Performance after the therapy. The median of pre-test Feeding Score among subjects was 5 and the median of post-test Feeding Score was 6.5. Sign test was computed to find out the difference between the pre and post test median Scores of Feeding. The sign test Score showed the p value 0.000 which was significant at .001 level. It showed that, a significant difference present between the pre and post test Feeding Scores. It further implies that the Feeding Score in post test was higher than the pre test Feeding Score. This improvement in the Feeding Performance was due to the Selected Nursing Interventions. So the Swallowing Exercises were effective in improving the Feeding Performance in Stroke patients having Dysphagia. Median test was used to compare the effect between the pre test and post test group instead of mean as because the FOIS was a 7 point likert scale. As the variables did not follow the normality and the highest Score was 7, parametric test was not applicable. Hence non parametric sign test was adopt ed which is equivalent to paired t test to find out the effectiveness. The result of the present study was substantiated with a study conducted by Mepani et al., in 2005 on augmentation of deglutitive thyrohyoid muscle shortening by the Shaker Exercise. The study involved the effect of 6 weeks shaker exercise in 11 dysphagic patients; six patients were randomized to control group and 5 patients to the Shaker Exercise group. After the therapy the change in thyrohyoid distance among Shaker Exercise group was significantly greater compared to the control group (p=0.034), this subsequently improve the swallowing function of the patients. Association of the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia The Fisher exact test was used to associate the selected Demographic and Clinical variables with the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. The calculated p values for the association between the Swallowing Performance of Post Stroke patients with the selected Demographic and Clinical variables such as Sex, Habits, Type of Stroke and Co-morbid Illness were not significant and hence there exist no association between them. The calculated p values for the association between the Feeding Performance of Post Stroke patients with selected Demographic and Clinical variables such as Sex, Habits, Type of Stroke and history of Co-morbid Illness were not significant and hence there is no association between them. SUMMARY The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia, for which the following objectives were formulated; To assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. To determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. To associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables. The study was based on Ernesteine Wiedenbachs helping art of clinical nursing theory (1970). The research design applied for the study was pre experimental single group pre test-post test design. Study was conducted in KMCH. 30 samples were selected by non probability purposive sampling technique. The tool used for data collection consists of Demographic and Clinical variables, Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) to assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. The data were collected for a period of 6 weeks. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in statistical analysis, to assess the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Fisher exact test was used to find out the association between the selected Demographic and Clinical variables with the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Major findings of the study On the basis of Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS), the investigator observed the degrees of improvement in Swallowing difficulty after the therapy among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. About 16.67% of the subjects had No Dysphagia, 26.67% had Mild Dysphagia, 23.33% had Moderate Dysphagia, and 33.33% had Severe Dysphagia. In accordance with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), 36.67% of the subjects were in Tube Dependent category and 63.33% were in Total Oral Intake category with sustained improvement in the Feeding Performance. The mean pre test score of the Swallowing Performance using Gugging Swallowing Screening (GUSS) tool was 12.50. The mean post test Score of the Swallowing Performance using GUSS evaluation tool was 13.87. There was a significant difference between the mean pre-test and post-test Swallowing Performance Score. The t value obtained was 6.150 which is significant at 0.001 level and at 29 degrees of freedom. The final result explained that, 22 subjects (73.3%) expressed Swallowing improvement after the treatment. Remaining eight subjects (26.7%) had no changes in their Swallowing Performance after the therapy. Median test was used to compare the Feeding Performance Score of the pre and post test groups. The median pre test Feeding Performance of the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia was 5 with a range of 1 to 6 and that of post median test was 6.5 with a range of 1 to 7. The non parametric sign test was used to find out the effectiveness of the therapy on Feeding Performance. The obtained p value was 0.000 at 0.01 level of significance. This revealed a significant improvement in the Feeding Performance of Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. The final result revealed that 24 respondents (80%) showed an improvement in their Feeding Performance after the therapy and was assessed by FOIS scoring. But remaining six respondents (20%) showed no changes in the Feeding Performance when assessed by FOIS. There was no significant association exist between the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients with the selected Demographic and Clinical variables. CONCLUSION The study was tested and accepted the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in Swallowing and Feeding Performance before and after the implementation of Selected Nursing Interventions in Post Stroke patients with Dysphagia. The result concluded that the study group had better outcome than the others. There was a significant improvement in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients after the Exercise and Positioning therapy. The participants had reduced the risk of aspiration and aspiration related complications after the therapy. Hence, Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises like Shaker exercise and Hyoid Lift Maneuver and positioning during Swallowing can be recommended for the patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. IMPLICATIONS The present study has its own implications in nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. Nursing practice: Dysphagia is one of the major complications among Post Stroke patients. This study implies the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions in the improvement of Swallowing and Feeding Performance among the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. This study creates awareness among the nursing personnel about the importance of the various complications after the Stroke and its various evidence based management. The present study shows that the exercise intervention for the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients can prevent the risk of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. The result shows that, Selected Nursing Intervention for the Post Stroke patients can reduce the risk of malnourishment. Nurses can gain skill for providing Swallowing Exercises in the Post Stroke Dysphagic patients to improve their quality of life. Nursing Education: The nurse educator can create awareness among the health care professionals about the complicated effects of Stroke and its various evidence based management. The nurse educator can arrange in-service Education programs to update their knowledge regarding the new techniques and modalities to manage the Post Stroke Dysphagia. The nurse educator can teach the students about the present study findings and its implication in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. This will help to improve the knowledge of the students on Swallowing Exercises. The nurse educator can motivate the nursing personnel and students to use this Swallowing Exercises and positioning in the improvement of Swallowing and Feeding Performance and in the reduction of aspiration risk in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. Nursing administration: Nurse administrator should aware of the problem experienced by the clients after the Stroke. Nurse administrator can provide continuing education or short term courses in the clinical area for preparing the nurses with competence in managing the after effects of Stroke especially Dysphagia. Nurse administrator can plan and organize seminars, workshops and conferences about Selected Nursing Interventions for the improvements of Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. Nurse administrator can formulate protocol to incorporate the study findings in nursing intervention. Nursing research: This study provides a basis for further studies. The findings of the study can be a foundation for conducting the study on large sample to strongly support the efficacy. The implications of the study can be used as a motivation for nurses to conduct research in India, where the health care system is advancing. This study helps to update the knowledge and proper utilization of resources in the field of nursing practice. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study was limited to small sample size of 30 subjects. The study was limited to a single setting. The study was conducted using a single group. RECOMMENDATIONS A similar study can be conducted with large number of subjects to generalize the research findings. A study can be conducted at different settings. Similar study can be undertaken using different Swallowing and lingual exercises. This study can be conducted with experimental and quasi experimental design. A comparative study can be conducted between different types of Swallowing Exercises in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. A similar study can be done to assess the effectiveness of Swallowing Exercises among patients with Dysphagia who are receiving head and neck radiation for cancer. ABSTRACT The present study entitled Effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance among patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia at KMCH, Coimbatore-14. This study was undertaken during the year 2012-2013, in partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, which is affiliated to the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai. Objectives: 1.To assess the Swallowing and Feeding Performance of patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. 2. To determine the effectiveness of Selected Nursing Interventions on Swallowing and Feeding Performance in patients with Post Stroke Dysphagia. 3. To associate the Swallowing and Feeding Performance with selected Demographic and Clinical variables. Research Design: Pre experimental design with single group pre test-post test design. Setting: Neuro inpatient and outpatient department of Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore. Samples: All Post Stroke Dysphagic patients. Sample Size: The sample size was 30. Sampling Technique: Non probability purposive sampling. Conceptual framework: Ernestine Widenbachs Helping Art of Clinical Nursing Theory (1970) was adopted. Intervention: Selected Nursing Interventions such as Swallowing Exercises and Positioning during the swallowing were incorporated. The clients were instructed to do the Shaker Exercise and Hyoid Lift Manoeuvre 3 to 6 times a day for a period of 6 weeks. The subjects were instructed to elevate or down the chin and tilt the head towards stronger side while Swallowing. Outcome Measures: Swallowing and Feeding Performance was assessed by Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) respectively. Results: The mean difference between pre and post test Swallowing Score was 6.150 and which was significant at 0.001 level. The p value obtained for Feeding Score was 0.000 at 0.001 level of significance. The result showed a significant improvement in the Swallowing and Feeding Performance. Conclusion: This study proved that the implementation of Selected Nursing Interventions rather than the other conventional treatment will improve Swallowing and Feeding Performance among Post Stroke patients with Dysphagia. Hence the Swallowing Exercises and Positioning can be recommended in clinical practice to improve the Swallowing and Feeding Performance in Post Stroke Dysphagic patients.

Bonnie And Clyde Famous Cases :: essays research papers

Clyde Champion Barrow and his companion, Bonnie Parker, were shot to death by officers in an ambush near Sailes, Bienville Parish, Louisiana, on May 23, 1934, after one of the most colorful and spectacular manhunts the Nation had seen up to that time. Barrow was suspected of numerous killings and was wanted for murder, robbery, and state charges of kidnaping. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), then called the Bureau of Investigation, became interested in Barrow and his paramour late in December, 1932, through a singular bit of evidence. A Ford automobile, which had been stolen in Pawhuska, Oklahoma, was found abandoned near Jackson, Michigan in September of that year. At Pawhuska, it was learned another Ford car had been abandoned there which had been stolen in Illinois. A search of this car revealed it had been occupied by a man and a woman, indicated by abandoned articles therein. In this car was found a prescription bottle, which led Special Agents to a drug store in Nacogdoches, Texas, where investigation disclosed the woman for whom the prescription had been filled was Clyde Barrow's aunt. Further investigation revealed that the woman who obtained the prescription had been visited recently by Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker, and Clyde's brother, L. C. Barrow. It also was learned that these three were driving a Ford car, identified as the one stolen in Illinois. It was further shown that L. C. Barrow had secured the empty prescription bottle from a son of the woman who had originally obtained it. On May 20, 1933, the United States Commissioner at Dallas, Texas, issued a warrant against Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker, charging them with the interstate transportation, from Dallas to Oklahoma, of the automobile stolen in Illinois. The FBI then started its hunt for this elusive pair. BACKGROUND Bonnie and Clyde met in Texas in January, 1930. At the time, Bonnie was 19 and married to an imprisoned murderer; Clyde was 21 and unmarried. Soon after, he was arrested for a burglary and sent to jail. He escaped, using a gun Bonnie had smuggled to him, was recaptured, and was sent back to prison. Clyde was paroled in February, 1932, rejoined Bonnie, and resumed a life of crime. In addition to the automobile theft charge, Bonnie and Clyde were suspects in other crimes. At the time they were killed in 1934, they were believed to have committed 13 murders and several robberies and burglaries. Barrow, for example, was suspected of murdering two police officers at Joplin, Missouri, and kidnaping a man and a woman in rural Louisiana.

Language Teaching and Translation

LANGUAGE TEACHING AND TRANSLATION The use of translation as an inherent part of FLT was prevalent until early in the present century. The Grammar-Translation method, dominant during the first half of the century, stressed translation and grammatical analysis, and put greater emphasis on accuracy than on fluency, preferring academic erudition to communicative competence (Titone& Danesi 1985).At the turn of the century, the Grammar-Translation method gradually gave way to the Direct Method (more characteristic of ELT in Europe than in America (Rivers 1991)), which advocated maximum exposure to the target language, with no recourse either to L1 or to translation. During this period, â€Å"Translation used to be regarded as a necessary evil† (Levenston 1985a). The Direct Method made its way very prominently into the field of ELT in the east during the British Mandate (Bamberger 1958).The American behaviorist school (Skinner 1938; Watson 1913) of language teaching ushered in the Au dio-lingual Method, which concentrated on patterns and structure with an emphasis on drill and technique. The product, not the process, was important; there was to be minimal explanation of rules and no recourse to translation (Larsen-Free-man 1962). The reaction to the audio-lingual method, grounded in the Chomskian Revolution, was the Communicative Approach (Ministry of Education 1988; Savignon 1987).Communicative competence â€Å"has come to be used in language teaching contexts to refer to the ability to negotiate meaning, to successfully combine a knowledge of linguistic and sociolinguistic rules in communicative interactions†(Savignon 1987: 16). At the same time, the advance of cognitive psychology, which was also influenced by the Chomskian revolution, made an impact on ELT (Titone & Danesi 1985). The findings of cognitive psychology indicated that â€Å"deductive, or rule-based, strategies play a prominent role in language learning.Deductive teaching methods are ther efore based on the learning principles of cognitive psychology and its linguistic counterpart, transformationalism, and are generally known as cognitive-code procedures† (Titone & Danesi 1985: 110). â€Å"The role of the teacher is to recognize the importance of mental activity in learning† (Chastain 1971:92). Teachers of FLT were now called upon to address the problems of consciousness raising. (Bialystok 1986, 1988; Carrel 1989; Castillo 1991; Cohen 1986; Gerloff 1986; Hosenfeld 1978; Kern 1989; Rivers 1991; Rubin 1975; Templeton 1989; Thomas 1988; Vieira 1991; Wenden & Rubin 1987).It came to be realized that the study of translation skills might have value as a means of raising the learner's linguistic awareness with regard to his or her native as well as to the foreign language (Boersch 1986; Carton 1966, cited by Rubin 1986; Faerch ; Kasper 1986; Hosenfeld 1978; Lehmann 1986; Levenston 1985b; Loerscher 1986; Ministry of Education 1990; Naiman 1978, quoted by Levens ton 1985a; Rosenblith, stated in Ackerman 1992; Sharwood Smith 1981; Titford 1983).The contrastive analysis of the two languages, L1 and L2, which accompanies the translation process, is presumed to heighten the learner's metalinguistic awareness of both languages and to facilitate their perception as abstract language systems.

The Iliad and Song of Roland essays

The Iliad and Song of Roland essays The Iliad by Homer and Song of Roland are two enjoyable novels that both deal with the basic nature of war. They are set in different eras of history, but they both manage to depict the image of war and conquest very well. With that said, they do indeed share obvious plot characteristics. However, the manner of which the subject of war is portrayed in both novels is considerably different. The Iliad leans toward a more graphic and honest depiction whereas Song of Roland illustrates a more glorious and honorable view of battle. In The Iliad, Homer tells the tale of the war between the Achaeans and the Trojans. They are fighting an intense and gruesome battle with each other. The two warriors that stand out the most in the novel are Achilles, who is fighting on the side of the Achaeans, and Hector, who is the great Trojan warrior. They fight back and forth in many battles, asking the gods to help them with different tasks. In Song of Roland, the story is told of Charlemagne and his army, who are fighting the Muslims in Spain. Their conquest proves to be a success. This success has much to do with the mighty and skillful warrior Roland, who is the hero of the novel. He ends up dying a martyrs death and is held with the highest regard amongst his people. As you can see, these two stories both have heroes in them, and they both deal with war and battle. Song of Roland seems to glorify the attitude of war by using more of a bold and egotistical tone when describing its conquests. Charlemagnes army is off to rid the world of pagans and convert as many of them as possible into Christians. They feel themselves to be superior to the pagans due to their Muslim belief. They will stop at nothing when it comes to pushing their belief of Christianity on them; the pagans only other option being death. This self-righteous attitude prevails through ...

Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing Essays

Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing Essays Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing Essay Recycling and Dear Fellow Friends.standing Essay Recycling Good morning to our beloved teachers, Puan Rusni and my dear fellow friends. Standing here today,I would like to deliver a speech entitled,Recycling. According to the Asian Development Bank,rapid development,rising personal consumption and unprecedented levels of waste in Asia where cities will generate on estimated 1. 8 million tonnes of rubbish per day by 2025. In Malaysia alone,we produce over 15,000 tonnes pf rubbish daily and it is a matter of time before we run out of space to dispose them. In dealing with this phenomenon,we shall discuss some of the suggestions that all of us can adapt through the process of recycling to conserve the environment. One of the ways to recycle is to sell old newspapers to the junkman who will eventually send them to the recycling centres. By selling the old newspapers,we can earn some extra money at the price of RM0. 03 per kilogramme of old newspapers. Buying recycled paper is also another option. On the average,about 17 market sized trees are felled to produce a tonne of paper or one tree is felled to produce 20 reams of A4 size paper. Today,we recognise the limits of resource demand and this is the reason why recycled paper is critical part of our aspiration for a healthy global environment. We should also use both sides of a sheet of paper because it cultivates the habit of not being wasterful while saving our earth from further deterioration. In addition,glass bottles should be recycled. The energy saved by recycling a glass container can light a 100-watt bulb for up to four hours. Avoiding the use of plastic products is another recommended way to protect our Mother Nature because plastic is non-biodegradable,it may survive as long as 700 years. Apart from that,it is indispensably necessary for us to save water and electricity as much as possible. We have to save electricity because we are running fast out of fossil fuels. The fossil fuels saved by turning off the water taps while brushing our teeth. By doing this we can save the energy used to filter purify and transport the water to the end users. On the other hand,electricity can be saved by switching off the light,television,radio and fan before leaving any rooms. This is because the primary environmental impact of electricity consumption is the production of greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming. Hence,saving electricity is the key preserve our Mother Nature, Another advice that everyone ought to take head of is not to throw away leftover rice but instead,make fried rice,tamarind rice,pepper rice and yoghurt rice. This is because many poor nations of the Third World countries are suffering from famine and malnutrition due to accute shortage of food such as Mozumbigue and Sudun and Myannar. Lastly but not least,we can also use water for washing clothes to wash our parentscars and other non-drinking purpose such as watering plants,washing toilets and mapping floors. As a conclusion,our planet is in a bad shape but most people choose to be indifferent to the effects initiated by the goverment to safeguard to dire condition of the environment. Majority of Malaysians choose to ignore the gathering storm clouds and hope the problem will magically take care of itslef. In Klang Valley,for instance,it produces more than 5000 tonnes of rubbish everyday which can cover the whole of Petronas Twin Towers,one of the tallest buildings in the world,in ten days and this is the reason why we must reduce,reuse and recycle. Whether the planet lives or dies,it depends on us and so,everyone plays a significant role by starting to recycle even from homes because a small change in behaviour has a measurable impact on our Earth. Thank you for lending me your ears. I hope all of you are benefited from my speech today.

Have three scholars interpreted the role of slavery during the Essay

Have three scholars interpreted the role of slavery during the revolutionary ear, 1765-1787 - Essay Example To understand the reason behind the continued slavery during the revolutionary era, three main scholars have interpreted the role of slavery during the Revolutionary era. Slaves were used by the Americans to buy their independence. According to Morgan, the Americans needed assistance from other nations, and they needed independence. Tobacco was the only the only product that was of value and hence feasible as a tool of assistance purchase. The production of tobacco was labor intensive and thus the reliance on slavery for production. The product was then used to shape the foreign relation of America and other states, especially France. In fact, the support granted by France to America is referred to as â€Å"King Tobacco Diplomacy† by historians, so as to act as a reminder of the role of slavery, through the production of tobacco, in the acquisition of American Independence during the revolutionary era2. From this interpretation, it can be coined that slavery was a necessary evil that the Americans used to gain their independence despite having the theme of the Revolution as equality and liberty. In a much direct manner, the slaves enhanced the acquisition of American independence by serving in the Continental army. According to Spalding, prior to the American Founding, there were over 500,000 slaves, who were mainly concentrated in the five southern states, making up 40 percent of the entire population. The major American founders, such as George Washington, were slave owners. During the era of the Revolution, there was an inadequately trained army and hence the slaves were inducted into the army so as to help in fighting for the independence of America. This happened immediately after Washington started commanding the Continental army in 1775. Together with Alexander Hamilton, Washington’s plan was to use this induction as a way to grant the slaves their freedom in the long

Geology week 8 discussion question 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Geology week 8 discussion question 2 - Essay Example Mineral resources are a form of nonrenewable natural resources in the form of rocks from the ground. These are usually coal, copper, iron, lead, natural gas, oil, silver, tin and uranium (Anderson, 2010). These are considered nonrenewable because they could not be easily replenished and would take millions of years to create. The two major problems associated with the use of fossil fuels are: (1) potential environmental harm of its by-products such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide which are known to be contributory to climate change and global warming; and (2) dangers to human health due to its by-products such as nitrogen oxides which increases preponderance to respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular problems (Sustainable Table, n.d.). Anderson, P. (2010, September 23). Mineral Resources: Renewable & Nonrenewable. Retrieved March 7, 2012, from schoolworkhelper.com: