Ethical Dilemma paper-second moral language Essay

Ethical Dilemma paper-second moral language - Essay Example odel of the Second Moral Language, in which he has described the ethical dilemma and moral conflict arising in man’s mind as an outcome of his moral values and ethical principles. I also had to undergo the same situation during my studies at university. I also had to undergo such a precarious situation last year at university, which could be stated as the ethical dilemma, where there was serious conflict in respect of taking a bold decision on the basis of moral duties. I was the student of English Literature, and loved Milton’s Paradise Lost and the moral lessons it conveyed. Besides, I had studied theology including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, and the noble characters of the holy personalities i.e. Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Zachariah, John, Christ, Muhammad, Ali, Hassan and Hussein (peace and blessings of Almighty God be upon them all). In the same way, I got acquaintance with ancient and modern western philosophers including Seven Sages, Thales, Socrates, Descartes, Machiavelli, Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, Karl Marx, Rousseau, Voltaire, Hobbes and others, all of which always preached morality, impartiality, forgiveness, charity and goodness of heart and mind. Hence, truth, justic e, fair play and politeness were the principles that developed my personality, which I tried to apply in my everyday life at university. But it was not the case in real practical life. On the other hand, fairness and morality used to be taken as synonymous to foolishness and perhaps ignorance too in this world of bitter realities. Due to my politeness, intelligence and impartiality, my class-mates elected me as their class-representative and spokesman during the first year at university. It was really a token of regard as well as the gesture of goodwill and their unflinching trust in my person. I decided to run the affairs of the whole class as well as the department and staff, with complete consensus and co-operation without

Photographers during the Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Photographers during the Harlem Renaissance Essay The years between World War I and the Great Depression was a period of prosperity for the United States. 1 There were plenty of jobs in the city especially in the North which caused 750,000 African Americans to migrate from the South. Harlem, a section of New York City, drew a great number of African Americans, consequently making it the largest community of African Americans in the whole world. In the 1920’s, the African Americans that have settled in Harlem experienced a â€Å"spiritual coming of age† and were able to find an opportunity for â€Å"group expression and self determination. 2 As a result, literature, art, music and social commentary, usually concerning the African-American culture, began to flourish in Harlem. 3 Originally called the New Negro Movement, the revolution became more popular as Harlem Renaissance. Aside from writers, dancers, blues and jazz artists, the Harlem Renaissance was able to produce renowned photographers that became known for their own creative ways of depicting the literary and socially revolutionary era. This paper will present the photography styles of three photographers from the Harlem Renaissance namely: James VanDerZee, Carl Van Vechten and Gordon Parks. James VanDerZee Born on June 29, 1886 in Lennox, Massachusetts, VanderZee is almost completely self-taught in photography. 4 He started taking pictures as a child but got his first exposure in photography when he worked as a darkroom assistant in Newark, New Jersey in 1915. He ultimately became a portraitist and returned to Harlem in 1916, setting up his own portrait studio at a music conservatory that his sister founded in 1911. He soon set about the business of photographing Harlem. Prominent citizens, socialites, political and religious leaders graced his studio. 5 The portrait of Bill â€Å"Bojangles† Robinson, the famous tap dancer, taken in 1933 is shown in a double portrait. He also 3 photographed Florence Mills, a famous actress during that era; Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. , minister of Abyssinian Baptist Church; Jack Johnson, former heavyweight champion; and Marcus Garvey, the African American nationalist who promoted a â€Å"Back to Africa† movement in the 1920’s. 6 VanderZee also photographed ordinary African Americans, usually during momentous occasions in their lives such as weddings or funerals. Since infant mortality was higher during his time than it is now, VanDerzee was often asked to take a picture of a loved one who had died so that the bereaved family will have something in remembrance of their departed loved ones. 7 His pictures were ultimately published as Harlem Book of the Dead. In his portraits of children, he positions the child as if asleep and usually holding their favorite toy. In other cases, he inserts pictures of angels and photographs of the child when he was still alive, into the pictures of the dead body that he took. He does this in order to â€Å"take the gruesomeness of the picture† and make it look like the children suffer no longer but have found rest. One of the trademarks of VanDerZee’s photographs is his depiction of his fellow African Americans as beautiful and dignified. 7 One of his well-known works, The Couple at Harlem, taken in 1932, shows a couple dressed in raccoon coats posing beside their Cadillac. This portrait, characteristic of VanDerZee, shows security and prosperity in the neighborhood. As early as the 1930’s, VanDerzee was already experimenting with photography styles. He already does retouching of photographs, at times even adding adornments to the pictures that he took. He erases wrinkles, adds jewelry, and creates his own backdrop in order to create a touch entirely his own. 7 He may sometimes cut down the mouth or sharpen the nose in order to make the image more pleasing to look at. VanDerZee, when working in 4 his studio, used plenty of props such as backdrops, costumes and architectural elements in order to achieve a photograph with an air of Victorian and Edwardian era to it. 4 The Couple At Harlem. [Online Image] Available http://ls. berkeley. edu/~shiffrar/photog/vanderzee. jpg, 1932 VanDerzee also experimented with other photographic techniques such as the double-exposure technique. This style was used in The Last Goodbye, Overseas, which features a wartime cartoon superimposed on the photograph of a soldier. The viewer, upon looking at the soldier’s photograph will be able to see his thought as he remembers his lost companions. 5 By the same technique, he created Future Expectations (Wedding Day, Harlem) which features a bride and groom posing in front of a fireplace. A dream-like image of their future daughter, holding a doll in her lap, appears next to the couple. VanDerZee, then etched into the negative the image of a heart linked together, which is found inside the fireplace. 5 Future Expectations. [Online Image] Available http://www. sptimes. com/News/022201/Weekend/Portrait_of_a_communi. shtml, 1926 Carl Van Vechten Van Vechten spent most of his life not really as a photographer but as a writer. He published essays relating to music, ballet and cats – the feline creatures being his obsession. He wrote his first novel in 1922, and published the highly controversial novel, â€Å"Nigger Heaven† in 1926. 8 Unlike VanDerZee who photographs celebrities and common people of both genders, Van Vechten’s photographs involve mostly women. He seem to be passionately interested in female portraits for even as a youth in Iowa, he took photographs of his paternal grandmother and later on of two little black girls in front of a beach house in Ohio. 9 Van Vechten sometimes prints these photos to use in regular correspondence. Some of his more famous subjects include jazz artists Ella Fitzgerald and Bessie Smith.

Impact Of Terrorism On Hotel Security

Impact Of Terrorism On Hotel Security Today, the tourism environment is increasingly becoming more and more complex. Many countries are losing their tourism industry because of it. The research topic is THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON HOTEL SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF BASILAN PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES which will be achieved by doing epistemology positivism research on two areas: Philippines local hotels and random tourists from the world. The research program will focus on how hotel security in the Philippines is being affected by the terrorism and effective methods they apply for rectification. Any types of terrorism are difficult to swallow. The reason may be too simple or theoretical. Most of the terrorism acts are motivated by two things: Social and political injustice: sometimes people chose terrorism because they think the right thing is not happening. So, when the things go wrong, they want to take the responsibility to fix the problem. Violence means justify the end: many people believe that, without violence there are no solution for their problem. So they had to go for the last option because nothing was working. Terrorism is not new; it has been used many times in history. And the reason is hard to define. Mostly terrorism described as a crime and a holy duty so that the people doing terrorism can justify themselves. According to their point of view they are right so many supporters respect them. Most of the terrorist organization now days, does not have a valid reason for what they are doing and they are very secretive nature. However, the terrorism activity is creating many problems over the world. Many countries have their own small group of terrorist. The tourism industry is highly affected by the terrorism attract. As example, the country like Philippines tourism industry is highly affected by terrorism. They are losing them hotel management industry as well. 1.2 Research Question -Hypothesis The research will be done in two part/ sector. The sector is really small so the case study research will be more appropriate for this case. The research will have the peoples view and logic. It will have social reality as objective (Marchington, 2000). The research question is THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON HOTEL SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF BASILAN PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES. This research question will aim at identifying and exploring how terrorism is affecting the tourism and hotel industry (Jankowicz, 2000). The research will seek out the core problems of terrorism attracts towards hotel industry which will be seen necessary to assisting fill out the hotel management (Newell, 2005). The objectives of the study are as follows: To understand the level of situation by conducting a survey. To analyse the terrorism act and the hotel management industry of Philippine (Saunders, 2000). This will be done by analysing purpose of tourism, way to solve the problem etc. To suggest a strategy to rectification to reduce the terrorism within the country. 1.3 Aims and Objectives of Research Process (A Healthy Tourism) The research aims and objectives are to identify the effective method to develop hotel industry of Philippine and reduce the terrorism process (Wain, 2008). This paper will look at various options that are available in this area in order to identify the core problem (Bryman Bell, 2007). There are various traditional approaches that corporations adopt in order to develop hotel management situation in the selected area. These are such as reason for losing the industry, managing effectively, development for short and long term etc. Terrorism has so many meanings. A common view is to avoid the situation (Onions, 1973). 1.4 Justification/ Rationale of Topic Selection Today the business world is full of competition. They have to be very careful about decision making, to be in the field of competition, the Hotel industry must emphasise on the alternative solution and increase the number of tourist and develop the faith. This dissertation demonstrates how and why terrorism demolishes the tourism industry and how the hotel industry of Philippine is getting highly affected (Burack, 1991), why should we find the problem or why its necessary to find solution and what will be the result of it. The justification of this study is to identify the way to find out the problem regarding terrorism affecting tourism in the Philippines. And provide the related solution to improve according to the problem. The research will help them to find the right method (Nadler, 1992).This will highlight current strategies used in developing and reforming. Also the Research will include the solution methods that will be proposed for the Industry. 1.5 Limitations The limitation of this research will be limited number of sample (Cameron, 2009). The research will be done in a small area in the Philippines. So the sample number will not be more than 15 to 20 people. And the research will mostly bring out the common expectation and result of the sample size (Brown, 2006 and Bryman, 2008). The sample results will be almost same for everyone. So the data will not have much diversification. So the conclusion and recommendation will not have uncommon outcome. The time frame for conducting research will be a limitation as it can avoid complete results (Fox-Wolfgramm, 1997). A preferred research contains more participants (Echeverri, 2005). The employee participation will be a limitation as for the interview they also going to give some extra time. And also we have got a controversial research topic on which people does not want to talk much. So it may be the limitation for the research. 1.6 Outline of paper The outline of the paper will include the whole research proposal summery. The first chapter is introduction where the research topic got introduced. The first chapter outlines the purpose and the structure of the study along with the main limitations of the research (Taylor, 1994). The second chapter provides a critical analysis of the existing literature regarding the Terrorist affecting tourism. The third Chapter continues by the main methodological approach concerned in relation to the study alongside its sample procedures and ethical considerations for the success of this research (Coulson Thomas, 2001). And the forth chapter will be the conclusion and summary of the study as well as the Justification of topic, Clarification of research question and how it will be. 1.7 Conclusion The first chapter has points out the purpose of this study. It also introduced the methods we will be using for the research. This chapter introduced the topic and the limitation of the research. That will help to conduct research in scientific method. The next chapters are literature review and methodology, will give a logical look to the research (Likert, 1961). The first chapter organizes the information to help the research to go further. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Here is one definition of a literature review: a literature review uses as its database reports of primary or original scholarship, and does not report new primary scholarship itself. The primary reports used in the literature may be verbal, but in the vast majority of cases reports are written documents (Buyens, 2001). The types of scholarship may be empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological in nature. Second a literature review seeks to describe summaries, evaluate, clarify and/or integrate the content of primary reports. (Cooper, 1988). The literature review will introduce the detail of topic and what the research will contain and will answers the questions like, how we can help to reduce the terrorist act in the tourism industry or how to rectify it (Block, 2008). The chapter will introduce effective method applicable for development of the situation. The literature review will be structured o bring out the maximum information to justify the topic (Putnam, 200 0). 2.1.1 Definitions and Introduction to the Topic The impact of terrorism on hotel security: A case study of Basilan Province, Philippine Definition: what do we understand by terrorism activities? Basically terrorism is considered the most important conflict without realising threat against the human (Pierre Gurdjian, 2009). Most of the terrorist organization conducts terrorism without any calculative reason. By finding out the reason of how terrorism affecting tourism industry, it will highlight the hotel security system of the Philippine (Karolina Lena, 2010). The topic of the research is THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON HOTEL SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF BASILAN PROVINCE, PHILIPPINES. The topic will allow us to go through to find out the current situation of hotels and tourism of Philippine to find out the related solutions. 2.2 Strategies for Identification and causes of terrorism and means of rectification Now a days, terrorism is affecting tourism very badly. As example, Balis (Indonesia) tourism rate was highly affected by the terrorist bombing in the year 2002. People are actually affected by the situation. And still people do think second time before going to Bali (Peter Senge, 1990). The survey will have the strategies to find out the peoples expectation, knowledge about terrorism act, how they are affected by the act. And also will find out the how people are reacting towards the situation (Hame Prahaled, 1994). 2.2.1 Find out the Reaction and reflection. The research will conduct a survey to find out the reaction and reflection of the research question. As the sample size is really small the surveys will be done by traditional, behavioural and semi structured interviews (Cook, et al, 2000). A behavioural descriptive interview process is effective when applicants behaviour is significantly analysed during the interview process (Bernardi, 1997). The traditional interview to analyse the applicants abilities, personality and responses (Tanova, 2003). The semi structured interview will gain the in-depth information from the participants (Stokes Bergin, 2006) 2.2.2 Causes of the Terrorism and how it is affecting Tourism of Philippine United States of America defines terrorism as unlawful threat and violence to create fear. The terrorism is done in a very calculative method. There are main three main elements, political, religious and ideological. The end result of it is violence, fear and intimidation. In Philippine the terrorism is against the government. It is based on political issue conducted by Islamic terrorist group. Since January 2000 radical Islamist group and Islamic separatist forces are responsible many terrorism act such 40 major bombing against local people. It happened mostly in southern part of the country and Basilan is one of the major cities which is affected. 2.2.3 Rectification of the situation The tourism industry worldwide is has been affected by the threat terrorism attacks in modern era. Especially it affected Hotels, which serve a core function as supplier of tourist accommodation (Purcell et al, 2003). It is very important to enhance security awareness and skill that the employees needed. Technology is very important element. The situations will under control if the communication cooperation and collaboration is strong between the hotels. If the bonding is strong within the industry and with external stakeholders than government will also be strong to bring success against the terrorism (Jackson and Schuler, 1995). Hotel Industry of Basilan Terrorist incident can be very harmful and it leaves an impact on the hotel sector. Hotels have history for being targeted many times for terrorism act. The terrorist attracts those hotels which usually has more foreign traveller for business and official purpose. (Aragon-Sanchez et al, 2003). Security is very important for the hotel. They should have essential technological support for security. As example, they must have CCTVs. The hotel with large compound must have more cameras in many corners. The Philippine police force gives the premium support for the hotels. So far security system had been revised and tightened after 11 September 2001 (Pfeffer, 2005). Additional cameras are included. Instead of room keys the sensor cards were introduced in most of the big hotels. Employees went through special; training (Wright et al, 2004). Reason for targeting hotels because they offer high degree of access and it is usually 24 hours a day (Junior, Middle Senior Managers) Luxurious hotels have more public activities, spaces and entrance and exits. And foreigners also gathered there. In big hotels, there are many prestigious conferences and meetings are conducted (Holton III Naquin, 2005). In many cases many political body, government officials gathered together in the hotels. According to the architectural design most of the hotels have grand specious lobby for which security is unlikely to have guided rule (Stead, 2004). However many techniques such as protective barriers, surveillance, identification of employees and alarm system are essentially reactive. We should also remember that, terrorists know the smarter way to use the technologies. They have using the technologies in a very sophisticated way (Kessels, 1993). 2.2.5 Hotel Industry Research So far, research in the hotel industry security has limited to date. A complete research always explained that hotel have such an environment for which terrorism is always invited. (Anderson, 2007). It is now not possible for the hotels which already exist. But for the new constructions, it is very important to redesign and maintain security strategies. Policies and practice need to change. It is very important to check the background of the employees specially employees who has certain level of power and responsibility (Fairbairns, 1991). When we are talking about hotel protection and tourism it clearly presents dilemmas for management and circumstances in Philippines are explored after the presentation of some information about the country because it pertinent to the discussion (Jackson, 1989). Gap in the Literature Above information are gathered through time. Like history, terrorism is still a mystery and hard to understand. In many cases the hotel may need extra security for any special event (Boyatzis, 2008). No one can take guaranty of what is going to happen. So, no one is ready to take the responsibility. And to many, it is a loss project now. It is also a risky business (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2002). In that case the research might take a different shape. (Boyatzis, 2008). People are not interested to talk about the situations. Local people are not interested and they think they have no future in tourism industry. So, even though the research and solution it is very hard to motivate the local people. All depends the level of terrorism and patient of the hotel owners (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2002). 2.4 Conclusion The literature review will select the way to find out the way of the situation and the right method (Brooks Hulme, 2007). According to the survey result the research will try to develop a picture of the current status of Basilan, Philippines. It will also specify the components, methodology and obligations of the tourist and terrorism (Shields, 2007). Other than that Literature review will also explain the terrorism act happening all over the world. It will highlight some key examples as well. The literature review will also mentioned about the gaps of the research. Chapter 3 Methodology 3.1 Introduction Methodology reminds us the word method. And we believe probably they are similar. But methodology has a particular meaning an ology of course is the study of a whole academic field (Gill, 1997). Methodology is the study of methods and it raises all sorts of philosophical questions about what it is possible for researchers to know and how valid their claims to knowledge might be. The research will be intensively based on the collection of primary data and analysis of both primary and secondary data (Locke, 1993). The major reliance of the research design is collection of primary data via interviews and then preference will be given on case studies and organizational documents. The type of questions in the interview is consisted of two parts (Yin, 1994). The part one tries to explore the reason of terrorism; however the Part two actually examines how it is affecting tourism industry and peoples opinion about Philippine. The purpose of this chapter is to find out the right method to conduct the survey. The purpose of the survey, the way we will collect the data, the philosophy of the survey etc (Remenyi, 1998). 3.2 Research Philosophy Management research is both about knowledge and action (McNiff, 1996). The relationship between knowledge and action is not straight forward. While there are several issues that one needs to consider at the outset of a qualitative journey we believe that familiarity with the basic Philosophical aspects underpinning qualitative research is a prerequisite (Eriksson Kovalainen, 2008). Ontology and epistemology interested in examine the same phenomenon, but their believe will lead them to set up their studies differently because of their views of evidence, analysis and purpose of research meaning (Potter, 1996). Epistemology bring out the questions like what do we regard as knowledge or evidence of things in the social world; what is our theory of knowledge; what are the principles and rules by which we decide whether and how social phenomena can be known and how knowledge can be demonstrated? (Brymen Bell, 2003). There are different epistemologies exists such as positivism, interpretive and constructionist. 3.2.1 Research Paradigm Realism and positivism are often claimed to be the same but should be treated as separate approaches (Johnson and Duberly, 2000). Positivism believes only phenomena or knowledge confirmed by peoples senses. Thios theory needs to generate testable hypothesis which will allow the explanation of law (Brymen Bell, 2003). This theory gain knowledge through gathering facts. This research will follow the positivism as the realist researchers into management believe, with positivist, that the knowledge we gain through research can accurate mirror reality itself. Research paradigm will be analysing and evaluating the abstract belief in the way data should be collected, analysed and used in a research (Healy, et al., 2000 and Kupers, 2008). Two major research philosophies, positivism and phenomenological, for qualitative data collection will be essentially analysed in respect to both speculative beliefs in how data should be gathered using different approaches (Fisher, 2010). This section will use the research paradigm which is usually generated from the survey report (Bryman Bell, 2007; Robson, 2002). Research paradigm should generally be seen through theoretical frameworks that direct the investigator to achieving his objective (Sobh Perry, 2006). A critical analysis on the three components of the research paradigm which include; ontology, epistemology and methodology will be evaluated with contributions from different academic source (Healy Perry, 2000; Jankowicz, 2000). Ultimately, the next section will significantly analyse the research design in relation to the case study which will be under studied. 3.3 Research Design Most of the realist research is based upon a comparison of qualitative case studies, which are analysed to whether there are any connections between variables. Qualitative case study provides a broader and deeper understanding of processes may give an opportunity to work out the ways in which one variable is casually linked to others (Flick, 2002). The disadvantage of the case based approach is that there is often too small a sample of cases to claim to claim that the links of cause and effect identified apply generally (Kvale, 1996). The researcher has developed the questionnaire in order to collect qualitative data through interview. The language of the questionnaire is English, since the majority of the guests are international (Richards Morse, 2007). There will be three parts to the questionnaire, which will consist of list questions, rating questions and open questions. For the qualitative data which supplements the quantitative data, it will be analyzed using content analysis (Lofland, 1976). 3.4 Sample of Participants / Procedure Various academic sources will contribute to evaluating and focusing on words in the collection and analysis of data as regards technique to collecting empirical data, the techniques include interviews, questionnaires and observational methods (Alam, 2005; Bryman Bell, 2007). However, the data collection methods to be used will be semi-structured interviews, direct observations, telephone and Skype which are sequentially addressed in due course as the research progress (Brannan, 2008). Interviewing 1 Director, Hotel of Basilan 1. Interviewing 1 Director, Hotel of Basilan 2 This section will evaluate the amount of participants to be studied in the organisation following sampling size method which is the most common procedure in qualitative research (Saunders, et al, 2007). The director and the security in charge of the hotel will provide most of the problems and development situation (Buyens Devos, 2001; Dalen, et al, 2001). The compilation of survey result and interview will conduct the research (Cameron Price, 2007). 3.4.1 Data Collection tool The data collection tool is the designed questionnaire, which is consisted of twenty questions. The collection will be through questions of open ended and close ended type (Bell, 1987). These types of questions will try to analyze the employees assessment and expectations regarding the learning development factors of the organization. The research will be based on positivism principles with deductive approach (Coolical, 1990). Since no evident research has been recorded yet therefore major reliance will be over the primary data collection. 3.4.2 Data Analysis This study expects to provide recommendations on improving Hotel Industry. The study will aim to ascertain the level of tourist satisfaction in terms of tourism industry (Bulmer, 1977); to enable the industry of Philippine to gain a sustainable competitive development through applying different method (Feeney, 1990). 3.5 Ethical Considerations Ethical consideration will analyse the import of considering the research ethics as a vital process that should be considered extensively to influencing the access of the researcher into the organisation as a whole to obtain the data under investigation (Saunders, et al, 2007). 3.6 Validity and Reliability The reliability of this research shows its validity because there are many research has done in this topic and they were successfully applied in the industries (Gill, 1991). The reliability and validity will be the true measurement and testing of the quality of the research work as well as an instrument for conducting qualitative data collection methods (Alam, 2005; Bryman, 2008). This research will highlight two dimensions Reliability and validity to get the process and information (Preece, 1994) 3.7 Conclusion The methodology chapter included the research philosophy, paradigm and the design of the research. This chapter tried to show the justification of how this research should choose the right paradigm, philosophy (Kane, 1985). At the end the reliability and validity of carrying out this study will be to take into consideration the data to be analysed and implemented (Lawler, 1985). Chapter 4 Conclusion 4.1 Summary of approach of research The research will analyse about the various approaches to evaluate successfully (Silverman, 1985). This will give a idea about Philippine Hotel and Tourism Industry. This research will help to evaluate with the other terrorism affected country (Gummesson, 1991). 4.2 Justification of topic The justification of the research will be find out the serious understanding of terrorist attack in the Philippines and will try to provide the right advice and method. From this research the Hotel Industry will get to know about their insight gaps and level of effort they need to give to improve (Mabey Ramirez, 2004). 4.3 Clarification of research question and how it will be addressed Before we go through the survey, it is very important to know about Terrorism and tourism and how it is affecting hotel industries. It is also important to realise how it is capturing importance day by day (Tjepkema, 2001). After conducting the interviews, research philosophy and deductive, positivism research, we will understand the organizational current situation and way to implement the recommendations (Holbeche, 2007)

Society’s Expectations of Manhood in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essay

Society’s Expectations of Manhood in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished In The Unvanquished, William Faulkner casts the narrator of the novel as an adult looking back on his boyhood. Early on, the author takes for granted that the actions he describes at the beginning of the story are recognizable to his audience as things boys do. Then, five pages into the novel, the narrator tells us his age at the time the story occurs, that he is a boy on the cusp of becoming a teenager. Using this narrative strategy allows Faulkner to view the Civil War from the perspective of a son whose father is a Confederate officer and plantation owner. Faulkner taps into southern society’s expectations of manhood in The Unvanquished. Regardless of the generation in which he is born, a man from that peculiar region below the old Mason-Dixon Line must be acquainted with at least some of the history of the Civil War. Faulkner apparently takes this tacit maxim for granted in the first few pages of his novel. We encounter two boys pretending they are in Vicksburg, Mississippi. We know they are not really in tha... Society’s Expectations of Manhood in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished Essay Society’s Expectations of Manhood in Faulkner’s The Unvanquished In The Unvanquished, William Faulkner casts the narrator of the novel as an adult looking back on his boyhood. Early on, the author takes for granted that the actions he describes at the beginning of the story are recognizable to his audience as things boys do. Then, five pages into the novel, the narrator tells us his age at the time the story occurs, that he is a boy on the cusp of becoming a teenager. Using this narrative strategy allows Faulkner to view the Civil War from the perspective of a son whose father is a Confederate officer and plantation owner. Faulkner taps into southern society’s expectations of manhood in The Unvanquished. Regardless of the generation in which he is born, a man from that peculiar region below the old Mason-Dixon Line must be acquainted with at least some of the history of the Civil War. Faulkner apparently takes this tacit maxim for granted in the first few pages of his novel. We encounter two boys pretending they are in Vicksburg, Mississippi. We know they are not really in tha...

Macbeths Numerous Atmospheres :: Free Macbeth Essays

Macbeth's Numerous Atmospheres       The atmospheres in William Shakespeare's Macbeth are numerous, but begin as one surrealistic atmosphere initially with the witches' appearance at the outset. From there the atmosphere is incrementally added to regularly.    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare comments on the atmosphere surrounding the play:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which is to call him to murder Duncan, - when we no longer read it in a book, when we have given up that vantage-ground of abstraction which reading possesses over seing, and come to see a man in his bodily shape before our eyes actually preparing to commit a muder, if the acting be true and impressive as I have witnessed it in Mr. K's performance of that part, the painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated, the too close pressing semblance of reality,give a pain and an uneasiness [. . .]. (134)    D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy record's Charles Lamb's consideration of   Macbeth's atmosphere as essential to the purpose of the play:    For Lamb the essence of the tragedy in Macbeth lies in the poetically suggested atmosphere of horror and evil impulse, readily seized upon by the imagination of the perceptive reader, whereas stage representation concentrates the mind on the action. (133-34) Roger Warren comments in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunn's direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, on opposing imagery used to support the opposing atmospheres of purity and black magic:    Much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), dressed in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted 'Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283) L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" mentions equivocation, unreality and unnaturalness in the play - contributors to an atmosphere that may not be very realistic:    The equivocal nature of temptation, the commerce with phantoms consequent upon false choice, the resulting sense of unreality ("nothing is, but what is not"), which

Sir Gawain & The Green Knight :: essays research papers

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight A knight rides into the hall dressed entirely in green. The knight is large, well- dressed, and imposing, but he does not wear armor nor carry a shield. Rather, he holds some holly in one hand and a huge ax in the other. The Green Knight, without first introducing himself, demands to speak with whoever is the head of the court. King Arthur answers the Green Knight’s call to the head of the company and asks him to dismount and eat. However, the Knight refuses, saying that he does not intend to stay. He tells Arthur that his court is reputed to be the best and worthiest in the land, and so he has come there with a challenge. He says that he has not come in war, as proved by his lack of armor, but rather to propose a challenge. He will allow someone to strike him with his ax, as long as they agree to find him in one year to accept the return blow. The Green Knight looks around to see if anyone will accept his challenge, and he begins to taunt and laugh at the knights. King Arthur is enraged at the stranger's laughter, and he stands up to accept the challenge. He takes the ax, and the Green Knight dismounts and prepares for the blow. However, before Arthur can strike the blow, Sir Gawain speaks up, asking if he can replace the King in this game because he does not think the King should take the responsibility upon himself. The court agrees to let Gawain take the challenge, and the King blesses him. Gawain goes to the Green Knight, who asks his name and then accepts him as the challenger. Gawain asks the Knight where he will find him in a year, and the Knight tells him that he will learn after he takes his strike. The Green Knight bows his head, baring his neck for the blow, and Gawain swings the ax and chops off the Knight's head. The head falls to the floor and rolls around the hall, but the Green Knight picks up his head and mounts his horse. He turns the head toward Gawain and tells him to seek him at the Green Chapel next New Year's Day. He rides away, and Gawain and Arthur hang up the ax and finish their feast. In November of the next year , Gawain rides all around Arthur's kingdom searching for the Green Chapel, but no one he asks has ever heard of it or of the Green Knight.

Health Literacy Impact On Health Health And Social Care Essay

Health literacy is defined as â€Å" The grade to which persons have the capacity to obtain, procedure, and understand basic wellness information and services needed to do appropriate wellness determinations † ( Michael K. Paasche-Orlow, 2010 ) , the word Health literacy was foremost appeared in 1974 in a paper which calls for â€Å" instruction criterions for all grade school degrees in USA † ( Carolyn Speros, 2004 ) . Some recent plants suggest that there is a relation between literacy, low wellness and premature deceases ( Christina Zarcadoolas et Al, 2005 ) .Awareness on Health literacyThe construct of wellness literacy was foremost originated in early old ages and it was recognised as an independent research field in 1990s ( Andrew pleasant and Shyama Kuruvilla, 2008 ) . The consciousness on the wellness and the literacy is often raising, and several authoritiess are implementing assorted national programmes to raise literacy degrees and wellness criterions. The au thorities and some administrations are implementing wellness consciousness programmes in the community, and they promote them through media societal selling through printed stuffs. However, people who can read booklets and printed text can merely cognize the information in it. So accessibility to wellness information is a cardinal factor among every person in community, which can be achieved by wellness literacy ( Heather and Lisa Langille, 2006 ) . There are so many states holding low literacy rates. Heather and Lisa Langille ( 2006 ) stated that literacy is the indispensable BASIC for wellness literacy and person ‘s life reflects the relationship with wellness and literacy. WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health recognised that, literacy as holding a cardinal function in make up one's minding wellness inequalities in both developed and undeveloped states. Even a rich state has fewer literacy accomplishments among persons, which may connote hapless wellness cognition every bit good. The ratio of people missing of operational literacy in single states of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ranges about from 7 % to 47 % ( UN Development Program, 2007 ) .Appraisal of Health literacy and its resultHealth literacy can be estimated through, Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine ( REALM ) and the Test of Functional Literacy in Adults ( TOFHLA ) . Even so, Andrew pleasant and Shyama Kuruvill a, 2008, argues that none of these make sense of an appropriate measuring of wellness literacy. The Trial of Functional literacy in grownups merely concentrates on single capacity to read the medical information on some medical faux pass and labels. Rather than there are tonss of research works done on the subject of wellness literacy and its attack in public wellness, which provides best illustrations along with good information and major accomplishments.Health Literacy and its impact on single wellnessThe jobs associated with the wellness literacy have been identified by the research workers in the last 10 old ages. They came to cognize the function played by it in the medical every bit good as the person ego attention by the comprehension of information related to wellness and the results related to it ( Carolyn Speros, 2004 ) . The people withA hapless literacy degrees may be prone to hold bad wellness position and demo more unhealthy behaviors like inordinate intoxicant consumption and smoke ( San Diego, Calif 2004 ) .The People holding low wellness literacy may possessA weak communicating accomplishments on wellness related issues may take to improper diagnosing of their wellness status and inappropriate use of medicine and utilizing of wellness attention services provided by the authorities are besides misused. Which factors have the major impact on the wellness results of the persons? Don Nutbeam, 2008 have proposed three critical points where the wellness literacy shows its impact on community, they are making to the wellness attention services, Communication between the wellness attention staff and patients, and personal attention. The people with low wellness cognition might hold more opportunities to take an unhealthy life style due to the deficiency of minimal wellness consciousness on the bar ofA several infective diseases, A properA utilizing of the inoculations and hapless direction of assorted unwellnesss, and there is a more opportunity of geting diseases because wellness result wholly depends on self direction of the patient. The people with low literacy accomplishments are passing four times more outgo on their wellness attention, harmonizing to some estimations in United States more than 75 % of people holding chronic mental or physical unwellness comes under hapless literacy class ( Marie Ivnik and Maureen y, 2008 ) . A individual with the ability to read and understand the basic degree wellness issues have the capacity to do usage of wellness attention services, and they can pull off their wellness by lifestyle alteration and by increasing their life criterions at an single and community degree ( D on Nutbeam, 2008 ) . Health literacy improves the populace to entree available information of wellness and the ability to give appropriate feedback on his ain wellness position, determination doing on wellness and can take a disease free life style which lessens the frequent visits to infirmaries ( Carolyn Speros, 2004 ) .Different ways to advance Health LiteracyAssorted consciousness programmes conducted by authorities such as national obliteration programmes in bar of Poliomyelitis, Malaria, Tuberculosis, etc. , and some consciousness programmes on maternal wellness, pediatric wellness, etc. are advancing wellness literacy by educating the people on diseases and its preventative method. Health literacy may be promoted through ocular media, printed stuff, and cyberspace beginnings. However, these beginnings sometimes do n't demo satisfactory results. The people who are nonreaders and who unable to utilize internet beginnings and those who can non read the printed information are mi sapplying these services. Egbert N and Nanna KM 2009, suggests that the wellness information should be made in a user friendly mode which is in an easy accessible mode which explicit information with ocular links. The best manner to advance wellness literacy is through the direct interaction by wellness attention suppliers with the people who can non read. Nurses and other wellness attention individuals should move as Health voluntaries and make a convenient environment so that the people can interact with wellness pedagogues and discourse on wellness issues, attempts are made to increase patient and physician interaction ( Tanya L and Al-Assaf, 2006 ) .DecisionHealth literacy plays a cardinal function on the overall wellness and well-being. Multiple factors like proper use of wellness attention services, communicating of wellness issues with wellness attention suppliers, taking healthy life style, A good hygienic conditions, taking preventative steps like immunization, which might demo to impact an person ‘s physical and mental wellbeingA A are straight or indirectly associated with wellness literacy. So it is suggested that advancing wellness literacy will do a healthy community, and it should be considered as a primary public wellness end.