Guillivers Travels :: Essays Papers

Guillivers Travels Parody in Lilliput In Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels, Swift uses parody to tell a story of Lemuel Gulliver going on journeys in unusual terrains and meeting a wide range of characters. Jonathan Swift’s was perhaps the best humorist of his and our time. In the primary book of Gulliver’s Travels a large number of youthful schoolchildren have developed to adore this well known story and never perceive the parody covered up in the story. In his first Book he utilizes parody to show English legislative issues by utilizing the residents of Lilliput. Gulliver’s first experience happens in Lilliput. Gulliver gets wrecked and gets himself secured by a significant number of little individuals called Lilliputians. The Lilliputians stood just six inches high. During this time Swift perceived that England was likewise little in height yet was prevailing power and had an incredible impact in Europe. Britain, in spite of its little size, could overcome any country that may attempt to vanquish them. Quick relates this circumstance with the Lilliputians. They just stood six inches tall yet had the ability to take on the, â€Å"Man-Mountain†, Gulliver. The capacity of the Lilliputians to catch somebody multiple times their size can be viewed as fortifying their quality as a little country, for example, England. Subsequently turning out to be and staying an incredible and amazing nation. Swift’s individual life surfaced when Queen Anne spoke to the Lilliputian Empress. She was liable for blocking Swift’s progression in the Church of England since she was irritated by his composition. Quick in Gulliver Travels had Gulliver pee on the Empress’ room when it burst into flames. Gulliver’s pee on the royal residence irritated the Lilliputians and believed that they where irrelevant. Despite the fact that Gulliver’s pee means to forestall a calamity, it additionally enables Gulliver to control the Lilliputians in any capacity he prefers. Quick uses this arrangement of issues to show an individual issue in his life. Swift’s pee scene parody’s his own nurturing him a parody inside a parody. By calling attention to this in the story, he ridicules his faultfinders. Quick further represents parody by contrasting English government with Lilliput. In the mid eighteenth century, the English government was under the Whig’s ideological group. Quick spoke to himself as Gulliver just like a Tory, and the Lilliputians as being eager for power Whigs. Their impact points of their shoes recognized these gatherings.

PWC job opportunities Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PWC openings for work - Assignment Example Notwithstanding, there is no restriction to the expert abilities that are considered in this regard. The association is keen on building up how one’s gifts, initiative capacities and abilities are best met for its requirements. PWC offers a scope of administrations to its clients which implies that it needs a generally wide assortment of gifted work force to achieve its capacities viably as a specialist co-op. By and large, the association extends to temporary position and all day employment opportunities for college understudies who are keen on working under any of the accompanying lines of administration: Advisory, Tax or Assurance. Since the association is devoted to preparing its own staff past what they have realized at school, the association acknowledges understudies taking practically any course. A high GPA and consistency in scholarly execution is one of the organization’s center while enrolling its staff. The organization by and large utilizes understudies seeking after degree courses in any event. So as to be considered for entry level position, an understudy needs to present his/her application expressing their own and scholarly foundation, achievements, individual interests, proficient interests and influential positions assuming any. The understudy may go after jobs promoted by the association as posted in the school’s vocation focus. Then again, the understudy may apply by making an ability profile on the company’s site. By and large, understudies who have worked with the association as assistants have a higher possibility of landing all day positions withy the organization as normal practice with different associations. The understudy may go after jobs publicized by the association as posted in the school’s profession focus. On the other hand, the understudy may apply by making an ability profile on the company’s site. In the application procedure, the understudy should present his/her expert resume which will be crucial in their assessment.

Field Trip Should Not Be Removed Free Essays

NO TO THE REMOVAL OF FIELD TRIPS By: Maries Imee M. Venturillo BSEd1-1 Palawan State University College of Teacher Education Title: No to the Removal of Field trip Thesis proclamation: I am expounding on keeping field trip in the educational plan of the schools and I am going to contend, appear and demonstrate that field outing ought to remain the educational program by expressing: the combination of field excursion to showing program, field trip as the ground of oral correspondence, learns about logical investigation in field trips and as study hall expansion. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Understudies recollect the vast majority of their encounters as opposed to the exercises they have gotten the hang of during their school days. We will compose a custom article test on Field Trip Should Not Be Removed or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Thus, it's anything but an astonishment of having field trips in school educational plan. Field trip intends to exasperate and bolster the instructive program. Along these lines, it ought to be sensibly accommodated all understudies. There are numerous issues with respect to handle trips. Many propose about its evacuation; some are in favor yet some are hostile to. Be that as it may, if this issue is tended to and educated to the general population, they will perceive how significant field trip is. I am expounding on keeping field trip in the educational plan of the schools and I am going to contend, appear and demonstrate that field outing ought to remain the educational program by expressing: the combination of field excursion to showing program, field trip as the ground of oral correspondence, learns about logical investigation in field trips and as homeroom augmentation. â€Å"Field outings ought to be incorporated into showing program (Griffin et. al. , 1994). † They recommended that instructors need to utilize plans that will reflect casual showing strategies as opposed to utilization of formal study hall techniques which are the principle focal point of their preparation. Educators view that this sort of movement exasperates students’ comprehension of the procedure included and furthermore improve students’ perspectives toward the topic and in the study hall too. Moreover, instructors have likewise observed that having field trips are powerful teaching method which they like to utilize both all the more regularly and adequate. What's more, most instructors thought to be equipped for adjusting their educating to take an interest understudies in little gathering however quite a bit of it is passing worksheets after field trip. Journeys or field trips are utilized as the ground of oral correspondence. In this manner, many find that it is a persuading approach to ensure that the understudies having field trip are separating the information or data. Likewise, understudies can likewise have intuitive learning through posing inquiries and examining it to different understudies to comprehend the issue completely. Be that as it may, conversations of understudies ought to be directed on the grounds that this may cause commotion that will occupy different understudies. It might likewise include in a class conversation wherein after the field trip they can print thoughts or what is the ramifications of what they directed to them. Consequently, students’ best learn while hearing and talking about things, and field excursions can give the students’ need in learning. Studies have indicated that committing understudies in logical investigation may have a trouble in class. Be that as it may, if understudies are brought out of the study hall, logical investigation regularly shows up normally. In this way, these understudies are tangible students that learn best through controlling things. Bringing understudies at a science community or in recorded gallery joined by a hands-on staff, kids will presumably be eager to gain from a person or thing new as opposed to in printed books. Thusly, if field trips are disposed of, understudies that don't learn well in logical investigation in the study hall may decrease enthusiasm for a specific subject. Making field trip as a homeroom expansion is likewise a compelling way. Tests and study halls may not be powerful for certain youngsters; field trips give each understudy at a similar level. Understudies frequently solicit the significance from point they concentrate in class. Notwithstanding, in the event that you will take them to places where your point is connected they will realize what it’s like. Educators accepted that tudents are profoundly profited on field trips and most understudies needed to go on field trip. For some educators, the principle center why they need to take field trips are learning new encounters and giving understudies a genuine image of what is accessible outside their school. Besides, escaping a homeroom to learn is beneficial for certain understudies. They need to see this present rea lity other than the study hall. Understudies frequently observe a field trip a free outing of the study hall. Be that as it may, understudies will probably have an instructive encounter that they would never have had in the homeroom. Field trips are significant path for understudies to perform abilities they have learned without hesitation. Field trips are just innocent undertakings, however they show understudies a ton of advantageous things in life that they will be required in their future work environment. Nonetheless, the energy of the instructors for field trip differed from profoundly energetic to disappointed. In this manner, these issues ought to be tended to in schools. The most impressive recollections are those we have encountered. What's more, realizing in new conditions can give difficulties to more individualize learning. The learning is experienced instead of educated. Thusly, field outings ought not be evacuated in the school educational program. References: 1. Impartial Participation Opportunities for Student on Field trips Louise Herrity(2005) 2. http://www. newfoundations. com/ETHICPROP/Herrity718F04. html 3. â€Å"In Pursuit of Equity: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. † IDRA Newsletter (San Antonio: Intercultural Development Research Association, September 1990). 4. http://www. griffinlearning. com/GriffinLearning/about-us. php 5. http://www. ehow. com/info_8065185_importance-field-trips. html The most effective method to refer to Field Trip Should Not Be Removed, Papers

Analysis Of Ted s Stevens Disability Essay - 1515 Words

Due to one’s own experiences and writing style, each other has their own intention with various strengths and weaknesses when conveying information to the reader. Carolyn S. Stevens’ Disability in Japan is a great example of this, as Stevens has a wonderfully large knowledge of how the impaired are treated within Japanese society. It is clear that Stevens wishes to inform the reader about the various ways in which society deems and treats someone as disabled through established social constructs rather than their impairment making them disabled. Similar ideas can be found with in other works that compose of the impairment of an individual in Japan. Stevens work in Disability in Japan is astounding, as she is able to convey so much information/ meaning in a very clear and concise way. However her texts lack a source of captivation in the reader, as her sentences are extremely dry and can be hard to read in long sessions. These cons however, cannot be said of Otokoe Hirot ada’s No One’s Perfect. No One’s Perfect by Otokoe Hirotada has the opposite strengths and weaknesses to that of Disability in Japan. Hirotada’s personal story of being impaired sense birth is absolutely breathtaking and each sentence entices you to continue to the next page. Though Hirotada covers similar ideas seen in Stevens work, even saying that â€Å"It’s the present environment that makes people disabled† (Hirotada 214), his account is more personal and gives light to the experiences of an impaired personaShow MoreRelatedIBM10585 Words   |  43 PagesThe company operates primarily in a single industry using several different segments that create value by offering a variety of solutions that include, technologies, systems, products, services, software, and financing (10-K report). The company s major operations compromise three hardware product segments. These segments are: technology, personal systems, and enterprise systems. 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Leadership Goals And Objectives Of Leadership Development

All organization’s extensive periods of competitiveness and success is contingent on its ability to develop efficient and vibrant leaders. Many researchers, as well as top-level executives, recognize the fact that there are lagging in developing new and current leaders who have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to assume positions of leadership. It is critical for organizations to create a continuous line of the future, and current leaders that know how to lead effectively and carry out the missions of their businesses to achieve their goals and objectives. On leadership development, our organization uses theories, models, and approaches that are used to shape the destiny of the future leaders as well as the organization itself, but also the community, and the families of the leaders that are developing. Leaders that get results that can enhance growth and manage change are desperately in demand today. Bill Gates was quoted in an article saying, â€Å"as we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others† (Josephson, 2012). As I reflect on the question how does my organization develop and hone leadership skills, Performance reviews comes to mind. They are used to test, and evaluate key competencies, and capabilities of leaders. The Balance Scorecard is used to answer questions. Such as, is the organization continually cultivating and creating value in areas like innovation, technological leadership, product quality, andShow MoreRelatedLeadership Goals And Objectives Of Leadership Development844 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping new and current leaders who have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to assume positions of leadership. It is critical for organizations to create a continuous line of future, and current leaders that know how to effectively lead and carry out the missions of their businesses to achieve their goals and objectives. 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These include personal and professional accountability, career planning, personal journey disciplines and reflect practice reference behaviors and tenets. The intent of this analysis is to evaluate my strengths and weaknesses in each of these four areas. In addition, a discussion will be completed on how current leadership skill sets will be usedRead MoreLeadership Development Programs Are Essential For Cultivating Strong And Competent Leaders932 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Development Programs are essential for cultivating strong and competent leaders. â€Å"Most of what people read about leadership amounts to little more than someone else s opinions about it† (Hughes, 2006, p. 98). Across disciplines, organizations recognize the need for programs that will groom current and prospective leaders for career advancement. As a r esult, there are both proponents and opponents that oppose and support the efficacy of leadership development plans. Although leadership Leadership Goals And Objectives Of Leadership Development All organization’s extensive period of competitiveness and success is contingent on its ability to develop effective and vibrant leaders. Many researchers as well as top level executives, recognize the fact that there is a lagging in developing new and current leaders who have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to assume positions of leadership. It is critical for organizations to create a continuous line of future, and current leaders that know how to effectively lead and carry out the missions of their businesses to achieve their goals and objectives. With respect to leadership development, our organization uses theories, models, and approaches that are used to shape the destiny of future leaders as well as the organization itself, but also the community, and the families of the leaders that are developed. Leaders that get results, that can enhance growth, and manage change are desperately in demand today. Bill Gates was quoted in an article saying, â€Å"as we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others† (Josephson, 2012). As I reflect on the question how does my organization develop and hone leadership skills, Performance reviews are used to test, and evaluate key competencies, and capabilities of leaders. The Balance Scorecard is used to answer questions such as, is the organization continually cultivating and creating value in areas like innovation, technological leadership, product quality, and operational processShow MoreRelatedLeadership Goals And Objectives Of Leadership Development847 Words   |  4 Pagesdeveloping new and current leaders who have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to assume positions of leadership. 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Leadership is very criticalRead MoreGroup Dynamics for Organization956 Words   |  4 Pagesmust work together in order to achieve goals for the organization. Groups can take many forms. We will examine different types of groups and how they are designed. Group designs are based on the following principles: Introspection. Engaging in self-evaluation and a gap analysis of one s leadership profile with peers adds a special dimension to this critical facet of the development process. Emotional intelligence. Ultimately, executive development is about augmenting candidates emotionalRead MoreThe Values Of An Organization High Performance1394 Words   |  6 Pagesstakeholders in the company and include the participation of all members. When â€Å"excellence† belongs to the values of an organization high performance will be incorporated and shows in the corporate goals. There will be more ambitions than the goals of leading competitors, and there will be stretched goals for managers. 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Understanding Process Ethnic Concentration -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understanding Process Ethnic Concentration? Answer: Introducation A country becomes a multi-cultural when it has a concentration of several ethnicities. Australia is densely populated with multi-cultural ethnic groups which increase its global reputation. Ethnicity concentration in a particular region has its own advantages and disadvantages. This study focuses on ethnic concentration at Cabramatta slum in Australia (Brennan McDonough, 2014). The Cabramatta slum is largely populated by the Indo-Chinese-Australian communities. Most of these people either came to Sydney as refugees or their great-grandparents did. Cabramatta is a symbolic landscape amid the negative perception it gets from the media and the Indigenous Australian population. Many people regard the slum as a disadvantaged ghetto and drug haven. Australia is considered as one of the most racist countries globally with the first hand feeling too pride to associate with those from the ghetto. Most Australian consider the dwellers on Cabramatta as disgrace and depiction to their national heritage which gives rise to social tension (McGarrigle, 2014, p. 37). Likewise, language barrier also contributes makes the Indo-Chinese-Australian population feel isolated. Such factors force the people to miss their homes. As a result community leaders in this area resorted to building their indigenous restaurants and shops. For example, the Vietnamese population has their own cuisines which makes them feel at home away from home. They have brought more members into Australia which has not only contributed to the increased population at Cabramatta but of Australia as well (Stillwell van Ham, 2010, p. 93). The figure below shows the population of Cabramatta and Australia have increased over years. The population of Cabramatta However, there are several benefits associated with ethnic concentration in Cabramatta. First Cabramatta provides the Indo-Chinese migrants, who are not conversant with the host language, with social welfare support. For example, cultural and social associations in the area have secured Grant-in-Aid funds used in assisting local people to settle in Cabramatta. The associations also promote the economic well-being of the people by negotiating on their behalf in the property and bureaucracy markets (Li, 2006, p. 45). Specifically, the associations allow the Indo-Chinese population to secure social security, housing, educational opportunity and employment. The people are provided with information on housing and immigration as well as how well to tackle difficulties arising from the settlement and daily life. Ethnic concentration has also promoted economic development in Cabramatta. Different ethnic groups have successfully development businesses which symbolize their cultures hence providing employment and income to many residents. The move has attracted the attention of financial service providers in the area. For example, leading financial institutions and banks have established their branches in the region. Service is offered using bi-lingual which provides convenience to the people. Likewise, medical centers have also employed local practitioners to enhance communication with the residents in Chinese or Vietnamese (Brennan McDonough, 2014). Using Bi-lingual to provide services have reduced social isolation. In absence of bi-lingual, most people would isolate themselves from the larger society as witnessed in other areas. Trading Center in Cabramatta Entrepreneur opportunities exist giving the business an opportunity to supply co-ethnic goods and services in the community. The fierce competition in the region shows how dedicated the people are to earn a positive living. Some of the thriving businesses in the areas are groceries, shops, and indigenous restaurants. Cabramatta is also considered as a leisure site. It has diversified dining and religious services. Cabramatta is recognized in NSW for its unique regional centers which gives the people a sense of identity. In the weekend, Cabramatta streets are the busiest in NSW. Many people travel from Wollongong, New Castle to Cabramatta to enjoy cultural and religious diversity and shopping. Cabramatta is also celebrated for cultural diversity (McGarrigle, 2014, p. 101). Sydwest Asian Christian Church The region has successfully implemented multiculturalism and social policies. The architecture and flavours of Cabramatta have been attributed to ethnic concentration. With different cultures majorly from China, Vietnam, and Italy, Cabramatta is known as a center of beautification. Not only has ethnic concentration, changing the architecture orientation of Cabramatta, it has also transformed architectural alignment in Australia. In conclusion, there are several factors associated with the benefits of ethnic concentration in Cabramatta as opposed to the challenges. Different associations and groups have put in place recommendable mechanisms to correct the image of Cabramatta as portrayed by the media and the so-called first hand citizens. The analysis has shown that for a long time people believed that Cabramatta slum is filled with drug havens (Brennan McDonough, 2014). However, with the support from the Australian government. Local agencies and community leaders, Cabramatta has transformed to become a center of attraction economically, socially, and culturally. I believe that ethnic concentration has brought more benefits than challenges to Cabramatta. References List Brennan, R. McDonough, K., 2014. Sydney more Asian than European, Sydney:NSW: Daily Telegraph. JUPP, J., 1993. Ethnic concentrations: a reply to Bob Birrell. People and Place, 1(4), pp. 51-54. Li, W., 2006. From Urban Enclave to Ethnic Suburb: New Asian Communities in Pacific Rim Countries. 1 ed. Chicago: University of Hawaii Press. McGarrigle, J. L., 2014. Understanding Processes of Ethnic Concentration and Dispersal: South Asian Residential Preferences in Glasgow. 1 ed. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Stillwell, J. van Ham, M., 2010. Ethnicity and Integration. 1 ed. Amsterdam: Springer Netherlands.

Research Proposal on Service Delivery Essay Example

Research Proposal on Service Delivery Essay Service delivery is the complex of decisions, solutions, policies and actions aimed at the on time and quality delivery of the production to the client. Naturally, when someone orders goods in the Internet, he expects to receive them as quick as possible and for the most affordable price. Nowadays it is quite easy and probably the Internet buys are the most frequent and widespread purchases nowadays. Years ago the problem of service delivery was also urgent and this practice already existed in the 19th century. The courier’s services were very popular already at that time and goods were delivered by these special firms. With the run of time the situation has changed and companies have decided to deliver their production themselves. The well-organized sphere of logistics is supposed to organize the work of the firm, especially its material supply and delivery of its production. When the client orders a product, the company strives to deliver it professionally and safely. The greatest requirement of every customer is the affordable price, short terms and total safety of the delivery. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Service Delivery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Service Delivery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Service Delivery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is obvious that the price and quality of the service delivery depends on the type of the chosen transportation. Delivery by plane is supposed to be very fast but a bit expensive and other types of delivery (by train, car, etc) are longer but cheaper. The major aim of every service is to maintain the quality of the delivery and to avoid any incidents like damage of the product during transportation, its stealth or other problems. A prestigious and responsible firm refunds all the problems which have occurred with the product during the transportation and delivers a new example of the item purchased by the client for free. This attracts client’s attention and improves the customer’s loyalty towards the firm. Service delivery is the important component of the effectiveness of the company’s work. The student who is writing a research proposal should pay attention to the structure of the paper and the explanation of the choice of the topic. One should prove that the problem on service delivery is really interesting and worth detailed analysis. The student is able to share his ideas concerning the problems of service delivery and suggest the alternative solutions to the existing poor sides of this policy. The most complicated thing related with the process of research proposal writing is the lack of the student’s experience on the convincing writing. The student has the opportunity to look through a free example research proposal on public service delivery and get to know about the way of writing and analysis of the topic. The most valuable advice of a free sample research proposal on customer service delivery is the instruction of the logical presentation of the facts, demonstration of the methodology and analysis of the sources chosen for the investigation of the issue. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Service Delivery topics. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online

How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online How to Make Money Freelance Writing Online By Daniel Scocco Until 15 years ago or so becoming a freelance writer was not an easy task. You had to get in touch with print magazines and newspapers, and you had to convince the editor that you were the right person for the job. The number of applications for each job was quite high, because the number of publications was limited. As a result, the chances of actually landing the job were quite low. The Internet and the Web changed all that, for the better! Today we have tens of thousands of online publications, from small blogs to online magazines and news sites, covering virtually any niche and topic you can imagine! Each of those online publications need fresh content, so the demand for freelance writers is higher than ever, and landing a job can be as simple as reaching out via email. If you like to write and want to start making some money freelancing online, this guide will provide all the information you need to get started. 1. Prerequisites Contrary to what many people believe, you dont need to be a talented writer to make money freelance writing online. You need to be talented if you want to write fiction, poetry, or if you want to write for TV sitcoms, for example. As long as you can write clear, correct English, you are qualified for most online writing jobs, as those only require clear and direct prose. On the technical side, all you need is basic computer and Internet skills. This includes using a word processor, sending and receiving emails, searching on Google efficiently and so on. If you need to brush up on your technical skills, the Goodwill Community Foundation has a free Internet Basics course. 2. Improving Your Writing Skills If you need to improve your writing skills, here are some tips: Practice is the best way to improve your writing skills, so write every day, as much as possible. Read sites that offer grammar, spelling and punctuation tips like this one. Read books about grammar and writing. We reviewed many in the past. Get friends and family to read your material and provide feedback. Consider joining a writing group to get feedback from fellow writers. Edit the work of other people. 3. Becoming a prolific writer If you want to make money writing, the amount of content you can produce per day will directly affect your income. In other words, its essential to become an efficient and prolific writer. Here are some strategies that can help with you that: Understand that writing and editing are two different things, and that you should do these tasks separately. Practically speaking, first you should write down all you need (perhaps more than you need), and only then you should edit it. Stop the habit of editing sentences as you write them, or of going back to read each paragraph once you finish it. One exercise you can use to practice this is to turn your computer monitor off (or to cover it in case of a notebook) while you write. Consider using a full screen editor like Dark Room to reduce distractions. Develop a writing routine, allocating some time slots in your day for writing. 4. Building an online presence with a website If you want to make money writing online, having a strong online presence is essential, because that is how many clients will find you. Having a website should be the cornerstone of your online strategy, as its the best way to showcase your expertise, portfolio, and it allows potential customers to quickly contact you. The first step here is to decide on the domain name you are going to use. Aim for something that is easy to spell, easy to remember, and not too long. For example: JohnWrites.com PunchingWords.com LiveProse.com WordsByMary.com You can also go with a .net or .org extension if you cant find a good domain with a .com. Use the InstantDomainSearch.com tool to check whether or not the domains you want are available (but dont register one yet!). Once you choose the domain name you want to use, it will be time to get a hosting plan, and most hosting companies will give you a free domain name registration (you just need to inform the domain while signing up). We use and recommend HostGator.com, as they have some very affordable prices, and both the service and customer support quality are top notch. Finally, refer to this tutorial to install WordPress on your site. WordPress is the most popular publishing software around. Its free, and easy to use, so you cant go wrong with it. 5. Promoting your website The first thing you should do after installing WordPress is to choose a template (there are thousands of free ones available from your Dashboard -> Appearance). Customize it a bit if you want and you should be ready to go. Now you need visitors to your website! There are two building blocks to bring visitors: content and backlinks (also called links). Content refers to the articles youll post on your website. Aim to provide valuable content to people looking for specific information (e.g., like this post provides information for aspiring freelance writers), and try to publish new content regularly (e.g., two or three times per week at least). Backlinks refer to getting other websites to mention and link to your own. Google considers each link from another website as a vote of trust for the quality of your website and its content. Guess what, the more links/votes you have, the higher your articles will rank on the search engine, and the more visitors youll get. Here are some strategies to gain links from other sites: Create a profile on all social networks, and include a link back to your site. Email bloggers and site owners and propose a partnership. Run interviews with site owners, and ask them to link to the interview. Write great content and email it to site owners, asking them to help to spread the word. Write a guest post for one these blogs. Finally, dont forget to have a Hire Me page on your site, so that visitors will promptly know that you offer freelance writing services. 6. Leveraging social media Literally billions of people use social media sites these days, so you need to have a profile on the most popular sites to strengthen your online presence and possibly land new clients. The most popular social media sites today are: Facebook YouTube Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest I recommend creating an account on all of them and regularly sharing content there. YouTube is a special case because you would need to upload videos there. Its worth the trouble, but consider doing it later on, as you will probably need to learn how to create those videos. You can share articles you write, interesting content from around the web, and occasionally you can promote your freelance writing services. 7. Finding clients Over time, as you spread your online presence, expand your network and become known as a freelance writer, clients will come to you spontaneously. In the beginning, however, dont count on this happening. Instead, youll need to literally hunt jobs down. Heres some strategies you can use: 1. Create a profile and browse freelance marketplaces Freelancer.com Upwork.com Guru.com The above marketplaces connect companies and freelancers, providing a platform where people can post job requirements and freelancers can bid for those jobs. They all have sections dedicated to freelance writing jobs, so its worth to create an account and browse the new jobs regularly. 2. Contact sites that pay writers There are many websites that make available the guidelines for writing for them and getting paid for it. Payment varies, but depending on the niche you can get as much as $200 per article. You can find lists of such sites here. Browse and list filtering the sites you believe are a good match for your style and skills, and then contact all of them. On some cases you can pitch your article right away, and they will get back to you stating if your article was accepted or not. 3. Browse boards with job listings There are several job boards that are completely dedicated or have special sections for freelance writing jobs. Some are updated regularly, even daily. Problogger Jobs and Freelance Writing Jobs are two examples. Browsing those job boards and contacting the job listings is a great way to land new gigs and eventually clients that will require your services on a regular basis. 4. Contact websites you like Even if a certain website is not publicly asking for new writers, it doesnt mean that they are not willing to hire one, should the right person show up. Guess what, be that right person! Get in touch via email or via the contact form on the website, and explain why you want to write for them, why you believe your style will match the audience of the site and so on. Better yet, send along some sample articles written specifically for that website. If they like what they see, there are good chances that they will hire you at least for a trial period. 8. How Much to Charge Figuring out how much to charge is not easy. If you charge too little youll be leaving money at the table. If you charge too much, you might scare away clients and lose job opportunities. On top of that there are differences that arise from the type of content you are producing, the niche you will be writing for and so on, which means that its virtually impossible to say how much you should charge. If you want ballpark numbers, consider that for short articles or blog posts (around 400 words) the low end is $15 per post and the high end is $100 per post. For longer and more structured pieces (i.e., feature articles or tutorials with 1000+ words) the low end is $50 and the high end $200 per article. You can start at the low end and gradually increase your rates as you gain new clients and establish a network of companies and websites who hire you on a regular basis. 9. Billing clients If you want to make money freelance writing online, getting paid will be an important part of the equation! The first tool you need to have is PayPal. Most companies and clients will prefer to pay you using PayPal, so having and account there and familiarizing yourself with how it works is essential. Make sure to verify your account, and learn how to send invoices (you can find this under Tools). Another very useful tool is FreshBooks, which allows you to create beautiful invoices (that can be integrated with your PayPal account). With FreshBooks you will be able to manage all your work and clients from a single platform. Remember that people are not always honest online, so avoid delivering a lot of work without being sure that the client will pay you. When in doubt, require at least part of the payment upfront. 10. Delivering your work The easiest way to deliver your work is to email it as an attachment to your client. Another tool you can use to produce and share your work with clients is Google Docs. Once you create an account you will be able to work on your articles from any computer, as they will always be saved and synchronized on Googles servers. Once the article is ready to be delivered you just need to share it with your client (using his email address). Good luck! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewRite, Write, Right, Wright

Essay on colour in the sets and costumes of Leon Bakst

On colour in the sets and costumes of Leon Bakst - Essay Example equired, and only by experiment could the original intention of those who conceived and organized the theatre – the intention of establishing a real emotional and utilitarian relationship between the theatre and the mass of people be realized.† (Carter, 1929, p. 3)   During this period, in Russia the traditional idea of art did not receive much appreciation from the general public. Intellectuals and the rest of the public started to believe that art actually had a certain purpose in order to educate people and expose the actual facts of the society. The mode of writing dramas, use of symbolism and setting of drama, including costumes as well as use of colors also changed in a rapid way compared to the past and at the same time the world of theatre was greatly influenced by the aesthetics of East, deriving different aspects from Oriental Art to initiate a new tradition, â€Å"It brought together the art of stage scenery, the design of sets, costumes and props, the musi c of song and instrumental pit, the architecture of both the building in which the performance took place and the fantasy world portrayed beyond the proscenium arch , and the text and characterization of the play.† (MacKenzie, 1995, p. 176) In Western tradition of Art, East has always been considered the land of perfection and idealism for its â€Å"mysturiours† oriental arts and idyllic landscapes with scenes that the west did not have. During the time period of 1905-1915 Russian theatre and ballet emerged as main sources of inspiration for the West as well as performing arts. Paris, in the global context, used to be considered as the center of artistic culture and creativity. â€Å"The Russian Ballet with productions that achieved ‘art’ status, was a breakthrough making the line between culture, set and stage design collapse. It became one of the leading ballet companies of the twentieth century.† (Mayer) The summer of 1909, Paris witnessed the emergence of a great master, Leon Bakst, who

Power Dynamics and Organizational Change Assignment

Power Dynamics and Organizational Change - Assignment Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that when a person is emotionally under stress what he needs is the care and consideration of his family. But, an ordinary soldier in his early years of service is not permitted to take his family along with him unless he is an officer. This is what makes difficult the life of a soldier. While realizing these unconcealed facts the educated youths of modern era prefer to revisit their prior decision. This should not happen as the fate of a country rests with its dynamic youths. So, it inevitably requires some sort of structural changes in the entire organization. For this things must be changed from their present state of affairs. Places where transformation is sought First of all, as Mundell points out, depression and stress are the unrecognized problems of a number of soldiers returning from war fronts. To illustrate, while some of them feel they are treated as guests at their own homes, others feel estranged as their children do not respond warmly to them. According to the writer, if they do not feel the support of their family members and the warmth of the love of their dear ones, they have greater difficulty in recovering from the symptoms of depression. So, measures should be adopted to accommodate the families, at least the wives of the soldiers with them. Moreover, soldiers are suffering from stress which is a result of frequent combat operations. As they are also flesh and blood they may become upset on seeing destroyed houses, dead bodies or on the event of the death of their colleagues or even for being directly responsible for the death of some enemy soldiers. In this regard, every soldier must be availed the assistance of a counseling expert as and when he requires. In order to help this, psycho care units can be started alongside cantonment areas. No commander or superior must be entitled to hold back this right of soldiers. Any soldier who has some severe emotional damage must be evacuated to a fitting pla ce for the further health check. It will do well to bring the stress down in his community as well as personal life. However, the primary duty of a soldier is to protect and fight for his nation. So, changes to be made should not affect the role to be played by him. Another important crisis is the detrimental relationship between superiors and the men under their command. There is always a chance for skirmishes between commanding officer and his men as they are not satisfied with the commands placed and orders made by the officer. But on certain occasions, the superiors themselves have a tendency to humiliate their men for silly matters. Instead of giving a word of praise for a remarkable work done, they are ruthlessly reprimanded even for a microscopic slip-up. When such humiliations cross the boundary, the soldiers either end up their lives or shoot at their own officers and colleagues. It is a matter of serious concern as such incidents are numerous. In order to curb this, as in any organization, a separate personnel grievance redressal forum should be established in the military set up. As the head of the forum is an expert in HR related matters it will be of tremendous help in solving out all personnel related affairs.

Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage Essay Example for Free

Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage Essay Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage Posted on April 2, 2012 by admin in Marketing. The main characteristics of the maturity stage which help to define the appropriate marketing strategies are Sales of most product forms and brands eventually decline Decline may be due to Technical advances which lead to better substitutes Change in customer taste with time Increase in competition Lower sales volume leads to Over capacity Increases price cutting Profit erosion Carrying a weak product may be very costly if there are no suitable strategic reasons to keep the prodict alive in the market. To handle declining sales, marketing strategy could be Increase firms invest to dominate market/strength competitive position Maintain investments in innovations and RD until uncertainties above industry are resolved Decrease firms invest, selectively by dropping unprofitable products and focus on nice areas and profitable products Harvesting or divesting the product as per the GE Matrix strategic growth model. Appropriate marketing strategy for this phase depends completely on Industry’s relative attractiveness and Company’s strength in the industry. If the industry is attractive and company has significant strength in the industry then the company may decide to hold the product or brand even if sales volume decline during this phase. Post Tagged with Decline Stage, Marketing Strategy, PLC ↠ Previous Post If you enjoyed this article please consider sharing it! Next Post → Like crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 1/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA Search Categories open all | close all Banking (114) Finance Wiki (183) HRM (9) Important Alert/News (95) Marketing (23) Online Fraud (1) Operations (20) Practice Tests (115) Previous Papers (24) Quiz (505) Strategy (8) Systems/IT (38) E-Mail Subscription Enter your email address: crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 2/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA Subscribe Delivered by FeedBurner Pages open all | close all Finance Wiki Marketing Strategy Systems/IT HRM Operations Quiz Banking Alerts/News IBPS Online Fraud Recent Posts Previous Papers Practice Tests Tags Banking Awareness Quiz Banking Glossary Banking Quiz Banking Terms Banking Bonds Business Quiz Capital Market Computer Awareness Quiz Computer Quiz Data Quiz CMM Interpretation Debt Securities DI Different Funds English Exam Alert Finance Quiz Financial Ratio Analysis IBPS IBPS Quiz Interview Alert Logical Reasoning LR Marketing Marketing Awareness Quiz Marketing Quiz Mathematics MBA Admission crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 3/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA MBA Quiz Options PO MBA Result Alert Practice Test Previous Paper Probationary Officers Quantitative Aptitude RBI RBI Assistant Recruitment Alert Risk SBI SBI PO Exam Specialist Officers Verbal Ability .. Current Affairs Business News GK Quiz Updates Current Affairs India – 3 September 2013 Sep 3, 2013 1. Indian Parliament gave its nod to the landmark Food Security Bill yesterday which seeks to provide highly subsidised foodgrains to†¦ Current Affairs Global – 3 September 2013 Sep 3, 2013 1. Ronald Coase, the British-born US economist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1991, passed away yesterday in†¦ GK Quiz – 3 September 2013 Sep 3, 2013 GK Quiz – 3 September 2013 4401 â€Å"World Population Day† is observed on _____________. A) 6-July B)†¦ Microsoft to acquire Finish phone maker Nokia’s mobile phone unit Sep 3, 2013 Global tech giant Microsoft has agreed to acquire Finish mobile maker Nokia’s mobile phone business for 5.4 billion euros†¦ Verizon to acquire Vodafone’s 45% stake in its US business for USD 130 billion; one of the largest deals in corporate history Sep 3, 2013 US mobile giant Verizon Communicat ions Inc agreed to acquire Vodafone Group Plc’s 45% stake in Verizon Wireless in a†¦ crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 4/5 9/4/13 Marketing Strategy for Decline Stage | CrackMBACrackMBA CrackM BA If its bout M BA, its @ CrackM BA. Colorway WordPress Theme by InkThemes.com crackmba.com/marketing-strategy-for-decline-stage/ 5/5

The Life of Billy Pilgrim in Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five or The Chil

The Life of Billy Pilgrim in Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marked by two world wars and the anxiety that accompanies humanity's knowledge of the ability to destroy itself, the Twentieth Century has produced literature that attempts to depict the plight of the modern man living in a modern waste land. If this sounds dismal and bleak, it is. And that is precisely why the dark humor of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. shines through our post-modern age. The devastating bombing of Dresden, Germany at the close of World War II is the subject of Vonnegut's most highly acclaimed work, Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A Duty Dance with Death. Vonnegut's experience as an American POW in Dresden fuels the narrative that unconventionally defines his generation through the life and death of Billy Pilgrim. The survival of Billy Pilgrim at Dresden and his re-entry to the shell-shocked world reveal a modern day journey of the anti-hero. Vonnegut's unusual style and black satire provide a refreshing backdrop for a vehement anti-war theme and enhance his adept ability to depict the face of humanity complete with all of its beauty and blemishes. Likewise, Vonnegut adds his own philosophy concerning time, our place in it, and connection (or disconnection) to it and one other. Perhaps the most crucial step in understanding this intriguing work is to start with its title, which holds the key to Vonnegut's most prevailing theme.    Vonnegut addresses the writing of his work about the bombing of Dresden in the first chapter, detailing the stress he felt when faced with such a laborious task. The carnage of Dresden does not haunt those who were not there. The combined efforts of the A... ...dons the glimmer of hope that accompanies the fact that life has its moments of grandeur. He encourages the modern reader to escape the question "why me" and urges us to embrace a philosophy that consistently reminds us that even in the midst of the most cruel (and the most celebrated) events, humanity retains all of its virtue and vice. So it goes. Vonnegut allows us to laugh out loud, despite the tragedies of war and the anxiety of the post-modern world. His picture of the modern man is simultaneously dismal and hopeful. His unique style, satiric overview and astute ability to capture the multiple faces of mankind, properly place him in the realm of the most accomplished authors of the Twentieth Century.    Works Cited Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A duty Dance with Death. New York; Random House, 1969.   

Laozi and Dao Essay

1, Superficially understanding Laozi’s ideas, â€Å"those who know do not talk; / those who talk do not know† (56), are a bit conventional during his period time. It seems like that sages should try to follow the path of solitary, pretending to be ignorant and hide their talents to stay out of troubles. But we should think much deeper because Laozi’s wisdom is extremely profound that it is difficult for us to understand it. I think that â€Å"those who know do not talk;/ those who talk do not know† means that sage does not need to show off their talents. In Laozi, if a person is true erudite or intelligent, he himself will unify with what he learns and understands; I mean that everything a sage does can show how wise he is—a sage himself is wisdom itself. Laozi himself focuses more on how to live as an erudite person, act as an erudite person rather than talk as an erudite person. Related to Chinese tradition, Laozi prefers people who are humble and low-key but not ostentatious and hard-edged. So, Laozi writes about Dao instead of talking it; he believes that Dao itself is the truth which truly exists and does not need to be publicized by preaching. 2ï ¼Å'Confucius’ ideas of Dao focus more on ourselves, but Laozi’s Dao is more receptive, including the rules of everything in the universe. â€Å"An educated gentleman cannot but be resolute and broad—minded, for he has taken up a heavy responsibility and a long course. Is it not a heavy responsibility which is to practice benevolence? Is it not a long course, which will end only with his death?† (The Analects). Confucius thinks that no matter how difficult it is, man can make their will the will of the universe if they perform in the right ritual; that is the reason why Chinese emperor Wu (one of the most ambitious and powerful emperors in Chinese history) of Han dynasty decides to confucianize the whole China. Unlike Confucius, Laozi thinks that Dao decides what is possible and what is impossible, maybe possible can become impossible, but it should follow the rules of Dao; human being cannot force the impossible become possible. The biggest difference between Laozi and Confucius is that Confucius knows the past, now, but he does not know future, so everyone need to struggle now for future; Laozi  knows past, now and future because he knows that everything follows the Dao so he prefers that everyone should enjoys now and does not worry about future because it has already been decided by Dao.

The Impact of Globalization on Child Labor Essay - 3703 Words

Introduction Child labour is a very real problem in the world today, and although it is declining, progress is happening at a slow and unequal pace. Child labour by the International Labour Organization is defined as â€Å"work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development (Diallo, Etienne, Mehran, 2013, p. 2).† In the most extreme forms of child labour it could account for child enslavement, separation from their families, exposure to serious hazards and illnesses and being left to fend for themselves on the streets (Dinopoulos Zhao, 2007). In order for certain types of work to be included as â€Å"child labour† depends on the child’s age, the type of work,†¦show more content†¦To further my argument I will use Ethiopia as a case study to show how globalization has provided the push for countries to acknowledge the problem of child labour and create actions to fix it. This paper will be divided as follows: firstly I will provide a brief background on child labour in the world; secondly I will provide the situation in Ethiopia; thirdly I will present the actions that the government has placed to combat child labour in accordance with my argument; lastly, I will give my recommendations regarding the implications of the actions of the Ethiopian government. Child Labour in the World Today In 2008, there were approximately 215 million child labourers, aged 5-17, in the world. According to the International Labour Organization, the number of child labourers globally fell by 3% from the years of 2004-2008 which is slower in comparison to the 2000-2004 period that had an 11% decrease (Diallo, Etienne, Mehran, 2013).There has also been a 15% decrease in the number of girls in child labour in contrast to boys who are having their work increase (United Nations, 2013). Among them, 115 million children were in hazardous work which includes: prostitution, agriculture, mining, militia, construction, manufacturing, service industries, hotels, bars, and domestic service (Cigno, Rosati, Guarcello, 2002). The terms â€Å"hazard† and â€Å"risk† are often used with this type of childShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And The Economics Of Child Labor Essay1009 Words   |  5 PagesIn an essay, â€Å"Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor†, by Eric V. Edmond s, a professor of economics researching to improve child labor policy, says, â€Å"In November of 2000, ten children earning around $11 per month burned to death in a garment factory in Bangladesh. The exits from the factory were chained shut† (Edmonds, 3). If the doors had been unlocked instead of chained shut, the children would have been save from this horrible fatality. 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Information Systems Applications - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 5898 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Information Management and Systems It is defined as the discipline that covers several applications including people,procedures and technologies.these a ppliocations aree collectively reffered to as information systems. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Information Systems Applications" essay for you Create order Information Systems Management(ISM) are distinct from the normal information systems in the sense that they are capable of analyzing other information sytems that are apllied in operational activities of an organization.It is a planned system of perfoming collection,storingand dissemination of data in the form of the required information for carrying out necessary management functions. In the academic world the term is used to refer to,a group of information management methods twined to the automation of human decision making.Such systems include;Expert Systems,excecutive information Systems and Decicion Support Systems. ISM includes the application of Information Technology in support of major functions and activities in an organization or institution.ISM supports processes of:Storage,collection,manipulation,utilization and distribution of information resources of an organization.Manual processes are also included in an information system.This term is used as a synonym for information that are computer-based. Information systems will often deal with dockets such as use,development and management of an organizations information technology infrastructure. It includes systems that are not intended for decision making Currently the focus of companies has shifted from product oriented to information oriented.this means that there is more competition in process and innovation,by market operators, rather than product.There is much emphasis on the production process and services that accompanies the process of production. One of the most valued asset of a company is its information.This calls for a very strong information infrastructure.Therefore the study of information systems is keen on why and how technology can be put into excellent use in service to information flow within an organization. A great majority of information systems are developed for people.This peole employ the same in various areas including functional areas such as;human resource,marketing,finance,accounting etc.ISM professionals require a strong mixture of both technical and business knowledge for them to develop an information system that meets the needs of an organization. They must understand organizations objectives,its structures,operations and financial implications that are relative to these factors.Good understanding of these factors will give the ISM professionals a good base for effective communication with users before designing systems that will support their needs.It is also a good attribute of an ISM manager or professional to be updated with the evolving information technologies.They should posses a strong foundation of technical skills so as to select appropriate technologies and implementation of computer based information system. OVERVIEW In the current workplace,it is definite that technology works both effectively and reliably.ISM professionals have a key role in implementing technology within organizations. Infomation Systems Managers plan,network,and direct research and facilitate all computer related duties of firms.They are functional in determining both business and technical goals during consultation with the top management.They make detailed plans in accomplishing these goals.They give directions to other computer related workers e.g computer programmers,system analysts etc.They also aid in planning and coordinating activities like installation and upgrading of hardware and software,developing computer networks,implementation of internet and intranet sites and systems designing.They are involved with upkeep,security and mantainance of networks.They have a role in analyzing the computer and information needs of the organizations they work with from a strategic and operational persp[ective.Hence determining the longrange personnel and equipment requirements.Their duties also include assigning and reviewing their surbodinates work.They are also supposed to ensure that their organizat ions do not lag behind competitors. INFORMATION NEEDS End users of a system have different information needs depending on what he/she is trying to find,why she/he is trying to find and when she/he is trying to find the information.An example is the design of a staff directory,where there is an assumption that most users will be able to perfoam known item searching.Thet the user knows exactly what he is looking for,e.g Kerrys phone number.He has necessary terms to articulate the need,e.g he knows Kerrys second name is Brown and thats what he will search under.And finally he knows that that staff directory exists and that its the right place to look. Identification of information needs is important in designing an information system and to the provision of relative information services.For effective identification of information needs one has to identify the different methods for gathering information on various factors influencing those needs.A selection depending on the needs of the user is necessary.A step by step procedure is necessary in identifying information needs of most users.a careful analysis is to be made to distinguish the actual needs from the data gathered. The information needs identifierwill be able to discover, as a bye product, several ideas, tools, methods and techniques of satisfying the users in meeting their needs.At present,insufficient self sufficiency constitutes information needs. These information needs represent vacuums in the current knowledge of the enduser. Besides the expressed or articulated needs, there exists unexpressed needs which the user is aware of but will not like to express. The other category of need is the dormant need which the user is not aware of. But the information services provider might be able to bring to light these needs . A need is specific.It is generally time bound,either immediate or deferred.Information provided for a need will be used.Information provided may also be used or may not be used. Information needs depend on: Area of interest Hierarchical position of individuals work activity need to take a decision Availability of facilities. Need to seek new ideas Motivation factors for information needs Need to establish priority for recovery etc Information needs are also affected by a variety of factors including: The consequences of information Range of information sources available Background,professional,motivational orientation Uses of which information will be used. The social, political, economic, legal and regulatory systems surrounding the user Information needs identification is also somewhat a complex process. Some of the factors rendering it complex include: Original documents needed by researchers Individual preferences and behavioural aspects add a further dimension. Same information is perceived differently by users Information is put to different uses Need is satisfied by having access to the identified information in a particular package and form, and at a suitable time The flow of information and channels of communication are complex and add to the complexity The main steps in the process of identifying information needs is shown below: Studying the subject(s) of interest to the organization and or User(s Studying the organisation and its environs Studying the immediate environment of the User(s) Studying the User(s) Performing a formal interview Identifying and recording of the information needs Analysing and refining the identified information needs. Preparation for identifying information needs A very undefined situation is faced maybe only by the information professionals. They are unable to prescribe the required information to their clientele in the way the other professionals like physicians prescribe.Such prescriptions have a final say and authority, and which are embraced by the clients.Prescription is authoritative mainly because the clients of physicians and other professionals are seeking advice in a field which they themselves are ignorant of. But the clients of information professionals are more often specialists in the areas they seek information and professional advice. The main reason why there are difficulties experienced by the information professionals in distinguishing the wishes or the desires from the actual needs of the users . Therefore the information professional has to prepare himself/ herself in such a way as to create confidence in the users about his/ her professional capabilities. It will also be important if the investigation of information nee ds is to be successful, it is above all good to bear in mind that the person chosen to be the information needs identifier will need to be acceptable at all levels of users and have credibility. most guidelines in the form of a step by step procedure to identify information needs is presented incorporating the steps to be taken by the information system adentifier to equip himself/ herself for this investigative work. Study of subjects An information needs identifier must study the subjects of interest to the organization,users, and identify the central, peripheral and supporting areas.The result of such a study would produce a handbook on the subject to guide further work of identifying the information needs. This handbook is not a technical manual for technical personnel but a handy tool for the information professional. Such a handbook would present a birds eye view of the subject giving the following : Definitions of the subject concerned, collected from different authoritative sources bringing out the similarities and differences; scope of the subject giving definitions and scope of divisions and subdivisions; scope of the subjects that are tool subjects applicable to the subject concerned for its development; and scope of the subject in terms of the areas/subjects where the subject concerned is applied for their development. The different types of classification of the subject concerned including special subject classifications, taxonomic classifications, general document classifications, and vocabulary control tools such as thesaurus. The historical development of the subject giving the landmarks (significant contributions) under the broad divisions and subdivisions; the trend of research in the subject concerned as revealed in review documents marking out the broad areas in which current researches are in progress; and the trend of education and training in the subject concerne d. The important sources of information such as documentary sources , institutional sources and human sources; and the information transfer process among the users of information on the subject. After carrying out such a study of subject the Information Needs Identifier becomes confident enough to continue the work of identifying the information needs as he is exposed to the technical terminology and structure of the subject. Study the organization and its environment This is the second step in studying the organisation and its environment and preparing a profile for the organisation. Here, it is helpful for the information need identifier to know the type of the organisation for example, whether it is a corporate office, business or industrial enterprise and also differentiate whether it is public sector or private sector government or non government organisation, profit making or not for profit organisation, so as to identify the different types and styles of management and decision making processes which have a bearing on the information needs. As for this purpose, the information need identifier has to study the overall objectives, functions and the factors that affect the functions of the organisation concerned. Hence the organizations chart, the functions/ activities chart, annual reports, project reports, internal reports and other publications of the organisation would have to be studied. It will be of benefit to the information need ident ifier to attend special training courses/ orientation programmes usually organised for the benefit of new employees/ entrants/ management trainees by the organisation. The training courses are usually in the form of a series of lectures by senior personnel in the organisation spread over a period of three to six months. It would cover all subjects relating to the work of the organisation the basic scientific and technical background and detailed aspects of the engineering and technology of production. Further the participants would be taken to the different divisions of the organisation for observation and practical knowledge of the different items of work. Further, the environment in which the organisation works and its impact would have to be analysed. An information need identifier may have to study the super ordinate organisation, its objectives, functions etc., forming the environment and the factors that may affect the particular organisation concerned. Incase of a national organisation, then the countrys political, social, economical and technological environment having a bearing on the organisation as well as government regulatory environment would have to be taken note of. Study of the users specific environment At this point, it may be necessary to define in an ordely manner, the category of users whose information needs are to be identified. The Information need identifier must get himself well acquainted with the department of the individual user before conducting any actual interview with the user for the identification of his/her information needs. Most of the aspects to be covered in this study are: History of the concerned department, its objectives and functions. Organisational structure. Details of products and/ or processes of manufacture and/ or research. Details of plant, machinery, equipment, testing and other facilities. Scope of each discernible activity of the department. Information flow in the functioning of the department. Present sources of information and the channels and media used in the departments. Types of information services being used in the departments. Specific subjects on which information is being sought including type of information and kind of presentation required. Recent significant events and problems solved and the way they are solved including specific information used in solving the problems. Any other items of interest such as on going projects, training programmes etc., in the unit. Some of the sources that are to be studied for this purpose include the monthly/ quarterly/ annual reports by and on the department/ unit and its functions, minutes of meetings on and by the department/ unit, progress reports, project reports, all investigation/ review reports, performance reports, correspondence, proposals by and on the department, records of equipment, machinery and other facilities etc. It may be necessary for the INI to spend sufficient time in the users department to understand and acquaint himself with the working of the department, its organisational set up, the various activities etc., and thereby understand the situation in which the user is operating. This understanding will help the INI to easily correlate the users information needs in relation to his environment/ situation and enable the INI to grasp what the user is intending to communicate during any future interview with the user. Study of the user Users often tend to classify their wants/ interests into fragmented shopping lists, whereas their true needs may only be identified from a greater understanding of the user as a person . Therefore,emphasis should be placed on the basic needs of the individual as person . As such, it is essential that information need identifier should attempt to perceive the users problems as holistically as possible. If this is acceptable, then the expression of the information need ceases to be scientifically impersonal objective entity and becomes an expression which cannot be fully communicated apart from the user. Therefore, the next step, after the study of the users environment, is to study each of the individual users. Users are individuals. Nevertheless, in designing information systems, it is useful to classify groups of users. In relation to a specific existing or planned information facility, at least four different types of users can be distinguished .. Potential user; the one who needs information which might be provided by specific services of the information facility. Expected user; the one who is known to have the intent of using certain information services (subscriber to a specific information service such as an abstracting service). Actual User; the one who has actually used an information service regardless of whether any advantage was derived from it or not. Beneficiary; the one who derives measurable advantage from information services. Turning a potential user into an actual user and into a beneficiary should of course be the aim of planners, designers and operators of information systems. Users may be further classified into the following broad functional groups : Top Management which is responsible for policy making, strategic/ long range planning regarding mergers, acquisitions, capitals, new product lines. Scientists responsible for research, innovation, technical know how generation etc. Middle Management responsible for solving problems and making decisions required to fulfill the goals and implement policies set up by the top management. Supervisors responsible for ensuring that the products and services are produced on time, within the cost and quality level set. Operating Personnel / Technicians responsible for routine operations. Moreover, in an organisation setting, a user may play different specific work roles in performing his duties and in carrying out his functions and responsibilities. Some of the specific roles managers play, for instance include : Team Leader Liaison Monitor/ Controller Disseminator Spokesman Trouble shooter Resource allocator Resource Seeker Negotiator Decision Maker. Some of the communication activities of a manager and the percentage of events for each of the activities are given below: Receiving information, facts 27.8 % Receiving request for information, facts 8.0 % Receiving request for action 5.1 % Receiving request for approval 1.1 % Receiving opinion 0.7 % Receiving request for opinion 0.4 % Receiving applications for positions 0.4 % Receiving invitation 0.4 % Giving information, facts 12.1 % Giving opinions 0.7 % Giving instructions 0.7 % Seeking information, facts 9.2 % Requesting action 3.3 % Seeking opinion 0.4 % Checking and signing documents 6.6 % Circulating and moving documents 2.6 % Making notes and writing 1.5 % Interviewing 1.1 % Discussing interviewees 0.7 % Introducing speaker 0.4 % Participating in decision making 0.4 % Delaying response 0.4 % General discussion, meetings 12.8 % Complex events 1.8 % Others 1.5 % Further an individual may form a node in the following three directions of information flow in the organisation: Communicating down the line which is basically of five types : Giving job instructions and specific task directives. Job rationale information that is designed to produce understanding of the task and its relation to other organisational tasks. Information about organizational procedures and practices. Feedback to the subordinate about their performance. Indoctrination of goals information of an ideological character to inculcate a sense of mission. Communicating upward which may be reduced to what people say: about themselves, their performance and their problems; about others and their problems; about organisational policies and practices; and about what needs to be done and how. Horizontally communicating with colleagues in the same hierarchical level. A user, in his professional capacity, is in continuous interaction with: his culture that sets values and policies, and other influences and attitude. formal organisations such as his employing organization. invisible colleges, gate keepers as a type of reference group sufficiently distinguished by its membership criteria and communication patterns to warrant separate identification. the political system that can promote or inhibit activity and information flow. the legal and economic systems that impose legal and financial restraints on access to information. his work team, a sub system of the organisation that is distinguished because of interpersonal characteristics. himself, that is his cognitive system, motivations, attitudes etc formal information systems such as libraries and information centres. membership groups like professional societies that control information channels reference group made up of individuals having similar specialisation or interests but who are not necessarily in the same membership groups. Users who find themselves in such complex situations may have to be studied using a combination of various direct and indirect methods. Direct methods of user study are: Personal informal contacts with the user. Observing the user while at discussion with his colleagues; Survey using questionnaire Dialogue with the user while rendering information services to him/her Observing the user at his work spot (office, laboratory, factory, group meeting etc.) Interviewing the user, his supervisors, his subordinates, his personal secretary/assistant or his colleagues of co ordinate status. Observing the user while using information sources and services. Observing the user while giving a lecture/demonstration etc. Indirect methods include: Study of diary record of activities/ functions/ events maintained by the user. Study of citations received by the users publications Study of citations/ references given in the users publications Study of papers, books etc., published by the user Study of job description of the user Analysis of users response/ feedback to information services Analysis of reference queries received from the user Study of documents used by the user Analysis of the patents, designs etc., held by the user Scanning correspondence and reports prepared and received by the user Advantages of direct observation are that the information need identifier comes in direct and personal contact with the user in a dialogue, interview or discussion and that it provides an opportunity for observing the users in their normal environment. Therefore direct observation provides information on the personality and behaviour pattern of the user in different action situations. A disadvantage of the direct observation is that it so much depends on the observers own capability and adequacy in carrying out such observational studies. Inadequacies may come up in professional attainments, ability in communicating, maturity, tact and knowledge of and skill in carrying out an observational studies. It is also necessary to note that the inferences drawn from the observations may have incidence of subjective element of the observer. The analysis and inferences from indirect studies are based on the work done by the users which is based on serious thought on their part and is not merely some kind of off hand ad hoc statements.Therefore the records of users is adequate in providence of a more reliable indication of his/her subject interests, level of understanding, orientation, up to date in the subject and the skill to express ideas in writing for communication with peers. These studies also provide adequate time for analysis.The data collected is about a situation at a point in time and in a particular context which is to be extrapolated to a dynamic changing situation.Users are a living, developing beings, working in a system which itself is subjected to constant change.Few methods of study of users are discussed below: Preliminary survey of users. To begin with it is very useful to start with a survey of users.key attributes of a user may be grouped as follows: Subject interest Normal field of specialisation Specific topics of interest within the field of specialisation Subjects closely related to the above Academic background and orientation Educational background Professional background Background of research, developmental activity, management activity etc. Psychological attributes, particularly Temperament Reception and communication of ideas Attitudes towards professional team mates, colleagues, etc., in the organisation Ability to express ideas precisely Attitude to using and acquiring ability to use the tools and techniques of information services Specifically the information need identifier would need information about the user relating to the following : Foreign language competence. Types of reports both internal and external received and sent by the user Types of reports both internal and external which the user is not receiving but would like to receive Functions, activities, tasks (job description) and responsibilities (specific work roles) in the organisation; Authors and Corporate Bodies, whose works are of interest Education, training and special expertise. Membership in professional bodies Channels of communication between the user and other departments/ personnel of the organisation Outside organisations with which the user has academic or professional contacts Membership in committees, task groups Periodicals and other information services received through membership Subject and associated interests specific subjects, allied subjects Annual Reviews and other Series publications in which interested. Periodicals often containing articles of interest which are to be specifically notified Kinds of information media preferred by the user; Time most convenient to the user to receive information services Position of the user in the organization. Types of information notices/ services preferred by the user Approximate time available to the user in a day or week for reading Also information about the user may be obtained by a study of his/ her resume.Information need identifier should also carryout surveys using questionnaires for collecting such preliminary information about the users. He should fill up the questionnaire himself after following the steps of studying the subject, the organization, the specific department and the resume of the user. This would show some gaps in the resume and would help concentrate on information not available from it. A shortcoming with the questionnaire method is the low return rate. Study of Work Diary Maintained by the User Users may maintain a diary about their work for their own use. It records; important activities like filing of license applications, critical events and incidents comments on how improvement could be achieved in the organization discussions/ meetings with experts and / or with colleagues, for specific problems and their solution the consultants/ consultancy organisations preferred method of solution or probable reasons for non solution route of search for specific information, kinds of documents/ sources/ services/ channels/ media consulted and used and their usefulness procedures, techniques s/he has used and/ or has planned to use details of projects s/he is engaged in working details observations cases of problems faced results arrived at Some organisations it is mandatory that such a diary or record is maintained by each member of staff above a certain level as a part of the project routine, in a general prescribed form. Users to be studied should be asked to maintain a diary of all important events, cases of problems faced, method of solution, the specific information sources/ services/ channels/ media used and their usefulness. Also, they may be asked to record each and every event in the order of occurrence. Such a diary record, properly designed and carefully maintained can be a source of useful information on the specific topics of interest to the user.The methods and techniques s/he has used or planned to use in his work; the kinds of documents, information sources and services s/he uses extensively; the extent of time he normally spends in reading books, articles, reports etc., in discussion with colleagues, experts; and the kind of personal information services s/he prefers. Occassionally it may give some inf ormation on the persons in the organisation and outside it, with whom he usually associates himself with. Survey of information sources used The next step is to make a study of the different sources of information/ information services being used by the users. This aim of this study is to bring out the relevance of different types of sources/ services, the frequency of use, the availability/ accessibility of the sources/ services; preferences/ priority assigned to the different types of sources and services, and the relevance of record keeping in the users departments/ units 6 FORMAL INTERVIEW The next step is to have a formal interview with the user. After the stages mentioned above, the information need identifier may be in a position to draw up the relevant questions to be asked, the clarification to be sought and such other points for discussion with each individual user. This would depend upon, among other things, the category of the user, his environment and the specific roles he plays in carrying out his responsibilities. The questions would be mostly related to the specific work roles the user plays.Before having a formal interview with the user, the information need identifier, as a result of all the stages mentioned above , should prepare for each user a document giving; the types of information services required the sources and services that are available but not used the existing information sources and services in the organisation which are being used a rough estimate of a list of anticipated information needs of each uer. This estimate of draft information needs is the basic document for subsequent confirmation and modification by interviewing to confirm actual needs and to eliminate pseudo needs. Some of the data gathered will require clarification from the user. Some of the information needs identified may turn out to be temporary interests. The intended use of information has a greater bearing on the actual information required than the users discipline. therefore, the information need identifier should find out by appropriate questioning : what information for which need in which form how often/ when needed to perform which role For each specific information need in what quantity enough to read/ see/ hear in 5 minutes/ 10 / 30 minutes. with what priority very high, high, low. in what form digest, executive brief, table, graph, state of the art, trend report, original document in what media print, audio, visual presentation through graphic software what kind of information facts , opinions, view points, advice, technical details, statistical data, news, theory. to what extent of coverage exhaustive, selective, only recent, limited by specific time period; how often daily, weekly, monthly, as often as required depending on announcement/publication of such information The information need identifier should show the appropriate information service product to the user to make him express his need. The information need identifier should cross check to assess whether a need is a true need or a pseudo need. It has been found from experience that there is a tendency especially among the executives either to exaggerate their information requirements or to overlook some of them as unimportant due to certain reasons perhaps personal reasons. Often the user should be made to make specific, the value of the need in relation to his specific function /task . Thiswill aid assessing whether a need is a true need or a pseudo need. Interviewing the super ordinate and the sub ordinates may help to clarify these. The value attached to a need is an indicator of the priority that can be assigned to a need. In other words, in the interview, the information need identifier by suitable questioning of the user should delineate which needs are of high priority, which are actual, which are potential, which are distantly related, which may be dropped from and which are to be added to the forecasted needs. The value of the information need can be correlated to the value/ cost of the consequences of the use of the information supplied to satisfy the need. Priorities of information needs depend on the changes taking place from time to time in the users : Regulatory measures which affect his work either directly or indirectly affecting the whole organization Functions Responsibilities Position in the organizational structure Organizational functions and procedures affecting his work. Own priorities for various activities. To sense the changes and modifications in the information needs, their priorities and in anticipating new potential information needs; and already identified information needs converting into demands, it is necessary to attend committee/ task force/ project/ technical and other problem solving/ decision making meetings in which problems and projects are discussed of which the user is a member. It may also be necessary to attend committee meetings in areas which fall within the purview of the functions and responsibilities of the user. Feed back from information services rendered and suggestions from users about their changing interests, of the departments and of the organization as a whole would be of help. Periodic invited group discussions of users would throw much light on the changes taking place and likely to take place in future in the organization. It is to be noted that in order to have free exchange of ideas, it is better to have an appointment with users when they are free from important work. During the time of the interview, information need identifier should transact with the users tactfully; By giving examples of relevant information services and show how he can be helped in meeting his information needs. As far as possible, these examples must be from users own subject field or related fields of interest. By posing the actual problems likely to be faced by the user in the day to day activities for which information is sought and extract from them their potential information needs i.e., needs which are there but not expressed explicitly. By providing appropriate terminology to help the users enunciate their subject interests clearly and unambiguously. By using the subject profile of the organisation prepared by INI or a good schedule of classification scheme or thesaurus of relevant subjects, help the user pinpoint his subject interests precisely. By illustrating a few services which the user has already contemplated, gather opinions about different types of services required, by seeking their own ideas of services. By showing different sources of information, identify the other sources the user uses and also the most useful sources from which ideas for cost/ product improvement come. By showing the formal channels prevailing in the organization, unearth the informal modes of communication used by the user CONTINUOUS REFINEMENT AND UPDATING INFORMATION NEEDS It is a good practice to invite periodically small groups, not more than 15 persons of homogenous composition all design engineers, or all technicians / operators on a particular variety of machinery, or those doing different aspects of a particular task for discussion with information need identifier and other information service personnel about the information services provided, and the information needs, including changes in the information needs of the group. Members should be encouraged to mention in some detail about the present work they are engaged in, the problems they face, the information required and the information service likely to be of interest and help in their work, including comments on how the existing information services should be tuned/ refined to suit their particular information needs. If the discussion is conducted on proper lines such a users group meeting can combine some of the advantages of survey by questionnaire, interview and informal discussion with the users . Moreover, through these discussions the changes that are taking place and that are likely to take place in future, could be ascertained and the organisations dynamic situation could be monitored. This would help in continuous modification and up dating of information needs and tune the services to suit the changing needs. CONCLUSION Identifying a need is one thing and satisfying the need is another. The concept of information need is embedded in the studies of users, their environment, and information use. This area is one of the most amorphous areas of research in library and information science over the past four decades. In actuality, the methodology used for most studies have been found inadequate for uncovering users real needs which have been difficult to discover, measure and classify . It is hoped that the methodology discussed here, would be easy to perceive and be translatable into practice. Perhaps the methodology would become clearer and clearer as each step in it, is put into practice. Following the methodology would enhance the understanding of the scenario and help in fine tuning the procedure to be followed in particular situations to unearth real information needs. The proposed methodology is not only useful in identifying the information needs, but also information need identifier has a profound impact on finding ways and means to satisfy such needs. Simultaneously the information need identifier would discover, as a bye product, several ideas, tools, methods and tech niques of satisfying the users in meeting their information needs. In other words, if you identify the information needs of your clients this way, the documentation and information services that you would be rendering to satisfy these needs, would initiate action and bring about changes in the users, their outlook and in the organisation as a whole. REFERENCES CRONIN, Blaise. Assessing information needs. (Aslib Proceedings. 33(2); 1981; pp 40). ELLIS, David; COX, Deborah and HALL, Katherine. A comparison of the information seeking patterns of researchers in the physical and social sciences. (Journal of Documentation. 49(4); 1993; pp 356 369). HOMER, J.H. Patterns in the use of information : The right to be different. (Journal of American Society for Information Science. 1981; March; pp 103 112). SLATER, M. Information needs of social scientists : A study by desk research and interview. Boston Spa, BLRDD. 1989. (British Library Research Paper No. 60). DERVIN, B and NILAN, M. Information needs and uses. (Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. 21; 1986; pp 3 33).